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Posted By: Sra1 Member Level: Diamond Posted Date: 27 May 2008
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2007 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University B.Tech Metallurgy & Material Technology MECHANICS OF FLUIDS (Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007) Question paper
Set No 2
------------------
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) A lubricating oil of viscosity µ undergoes steady shear between a fixed lower
plate and an upper plate moving at speed V. The clearance between the plates
is t. Show that a linear velocity profile results if the fluid does not slip at either
plate.
(b) Describe with a neat sketch a micro-manometer used for very precise mea-
surement of small pressure difference between two points. [8+8]
2. (a) For an incompressible fluid the velocity components are
u = x3
- y3
- z2x, v = y3
- z3,w = -3x2z - 3y2z + z3
3 . Determine whether
the continuity equation is satisfied.
(b) Distinguish between pathlines, stream lines and streaklines. [8+8]
3. An open circuit wind tunnel draws air from the atmosphere through a well con-
toured nozzle. In the test section, where the flow is straight and nearly uniform,
a static pressure tap is drilled into the tunnel wall. A manometer connected to
the tap shows that the wall pressure within the tunnel is 45 mm of water be-
low atmospheric. Assume that air is incompressible and at 250 C, pressure is 100
Kpa(absolute). Calculate the velocity in the wind tunnel section. Density of water
is 999kg/m3 and characteristic gas constant for air is 287 J/Kg K. [16]
4. (a) Define and explain Reynolds number, Froude Number and Mach number.
(b) For measuring the flow of oil of specific gravity 0.81 in a pipeline inclined to
450 to the horizontal, a venturimeter is used. The throat area ratio is 4. If
the difference in a mercury levels in the gauge is 45mm, Calculate the flow if
the pipe diameter is 30m. Take Cd =0.97 and Specific gravity of mercury as
13.6. [6+10]
5. (a) What do you mean by coefficient of drag and coefficient of lift? What are the
factors that influence these coefficients?
(b) An airplane weighing 30000 N has a wing area of 25m2. It flies at a velocity of
1000 km per hour at a steady level in still air. The engine develops 9.5 ×106
watts of power and has a mechanical efficiency of 65%. Determine the lift and
drag coefficients for the wind. Take density for air = 1.25 kg/m3. [8+8]
6. Two reservoirs are connected by three cast iron pipes in series. The length and
diameter of the pipes are L1 = 600 m, D1 = 0.3 m, L2 = 900 m, D2 = 0.4 m,
L3 = 1500 m and D3 = 0.45 m respectively. Find out Reynolds number in each
of the pipes. The density and viscosity of water are 1000 kg/m3 and 1.1 ×10-3
N-sec/m2. The friction factor in each pipe may be approximated as 0.02. The
loss due expansion at the junctions between pipe-1 and pipe-2 as well as between
pipe-2 and pipe-3 may be neglected. The discharge is 0.11 m3/sec. Determine the
difference in elevation between the top surfaces of reservoirs. Include the entry loss
to pipe-1 and exit loss between pipe-3 and adjacent reservoir. [16]
7. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus?
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through
a 30cm diameter pipe .If the head losses in a 3000M length of a pipe is
20M.estimate the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain briefly about stagnation point?
(b) Avessel fitted with a nozzle, contains air at pressure of 2500KN/m2 and a
temperature of 200C.If the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle is 1750 KN/m2
find the velocity of air flowing at the outlet of the nozzle. Take K=1.4 and
R=287 J/Kg K. [8+8]
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