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Posted By: sasi kala Member Level: Diamond Posted Date: 31 May 2008
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2007 Anna University B.Tech Industrial BioTechnology IB 240 — UNIT–OPERATIONS Question paper
B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION,
Fourth Semester
Industrial Biotechnology
IB 240 — UNIT–OPERATIONS
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Answer ALL questions.
PART A — (10 ? 2 = 20 marks)
1. State and explain Fourier’s Law.
2. State two parameters on which quantitative approach to Heat Transfer problems depend.
3. Define evaporation. State two important liquid characteristics which play important role in designing an evaporator.
4. What is Boiling Point Elevation? How do you empirically estimate Boiling Point Elevation for strong solutions?
5. State and briefly discuss various methods of feeding used in a Multiple Effect Evaporator.
6. In a pigment manufacturing unit making Chrome–Green Pigment, what type of filter you recommend to filter and wash the pigment free of impurities? In a bulk drug manufacturing unit manufacturing Penicillin, Streptomycin etc. where a crystal–clear filtrate is the product, what type of filtration–equipment you recommend?
7. As a Technologist suggest suitable dryers stating reasons for your suggestions :
(a) Green Pigment paste having a monthly production rate of 10 metric tonnes.
(b) Milk powder having a daily production rate of 50 metric tonnes.
8. State and explain the equation which predict the Sigma value ( ), an important characteristic of a centrifuge.
9. In a Bio–process plant steam is available at high–pressure, (435 Psig, 224?C/456?F) from turbine, and at low pressure (10 psig, 115.5?C/240?F) from a boiler. Which of these two sources you will recommend for use in an evaporator and why?
10. State any four of the five minimum requirements a Filter Media or Septum in any process filter should meet.
PART B — (5 ? 16 = 80 marks)
11. It is desired to design a Triple Effect Evaporator with Forward Feed to handle a vital inorganic chemical viz. sodium chromate. The feed rate is 3600 pounds per hour (1633 kilograms per hour).
From operational data of similar plant it is seen that 2300 pounds per hour (1043 kilograms per hour) of water has to be evaporated (Based on 20 hours operation in a day)
Steam is available at 10 psig at 240?F (115.5?C) and (0.69 atmosphere) to the first effect and the vacuum in the last effect is at 26 inches of mercury referred to 30 inches Barometer i.e. at 125?F (51.7?C).
The value of overall heat transfer coefficients in three effects are (700, 300, 150) Btu/h. ?F i.e. (3970, 1704, 852) W/ ?C.
Latent heats of steam, vapour from 1st to 2nd effect, vapour from 2nd effect to 3rd effect, and vapour from 3rd effect to condenser are (952, 962,
985, 1023) Btu/Pound.
Feed enters first effect at 100?F (37.8?C). Assuming equal area in each effect. Calculate (i) Area (Average) of each effect, (ii) Steam required for first effect and (iii) Steam economy of the triple effect system.
12. (a) A flat furnace wall is constructed of a 4.5 inches (114 mm) layer of
Sil–o–cel Brick with a thermal conductivity of 0.08 Btu/ft–h?F
(0.138 W/m?C) backed by a 9 inches (229 mm) layer of common brick of conductivity 0.80 Btu/ft.h?f (1.38 W/m?C). The temperature of the inner face of the wall is 1400?F (760?C) and that of outer face is 170?F (76.6?C). Evaluate :
(i) What is the heat loss through the wall?
(ii) What is the temperature of the interface between the refractory brick and the common brick?
(iii) Assuming that the contact between two brick layers are poor and that a ‘‘contact resistance’’ of 0.50?F–h– /Btu (0.088?C– /W) is present, what would be the heat–loss?
Or
(b) Describe the heat–transfer process through a solid metal wall when heat flows from a hot–fluid to a cold fluid through the metal wall? (Assume relevant suitable parameters) What do you infer from the above process?
13. (a) What are the important design parameters involved in general design of a heat–exchanger? Define various heat–transfer equipments and their functions? Explain any one type of heat exchanger with a neat sketch.
Or
(b) What do you understand by ‘‘extended heat–exchange surface’’? Where are they used? What are the types and indicate by a neat sketch the same? How is fin efficiency evaluated?
14. (a) What do you understand by drying operation? Define
(i) ‘‘bone dry’’ material
(ii) equilibrium moisture, free moisture and its importance
(iii) constant rate, falling rate in a drying operation with suitable drying rate curves.
How do you select a drying equipment?
Or
(b) What are the advantages of a spray dryer? Where its use is recommended?
Discuss with a neat sketch a typical spray dryer using a high speed atomiser and parallel flow.
State the dimensional equation for the volume surface mean diameter of the drops from a disk atomiser. State the advantages of a spray dryer.
15. (a) Describe with a neat sketch a Typical Rotary Vacuum Filter and its operation. Discuss the operation of one such filter with various accessories and their functions with a neat flow diagram.
Or
(b) What is ‘‘free settling’’ and ‘‘hindered settling’’? Describe a batch sedimentation process in a laboratory using measuring jar? Highlight the physical characteristics involved in the same. Explain how such studies help in design of a thickener. What is the function of a settling thickener? (Indicate various settling zones in a diagrammatic form). How do you evaluate design of such equipment?
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