The atmosphere is divided into four layers- troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. In the stratosphere lies a thin shield of ozone (an allotrope of ozone) which helps to absorb the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Due to the decrease i the density of the ozone in the atmosphere, the UV rays are able to penetrate the atmosphere and harm the life forms on the earth. This depletion of ozone due to harmful activities of humans is called ozone layer depletion.
cause of depletion
The major cause of ozone layer depletion is CFCs (chloroflurocarbons) and other gases like nitrogen oxides (from fertilizers), and hydrocarbons. CFCs are generated by old fridges, air conditioners and aerosols. Jet engines and motor vehicles and other industrial activities are responsible for depletion of ozone. Flying at stratosphere heights, the supersonic aircraft causes a major disturbance in the ozone levels.
Temperature at the South pole is lower than the North pole. Therefore due to density difference such ozone depleting substances (ODS) accumulate at the atmosphere of South Ple cause a huge ozone hole there.
effects of ozone depletion
Ozone holes allow UV rays to reach earth. Due to this there are several problems like:
Temperature changes and rainfall failures on earth.
Reduction in immunity, cancer and cataract, genetic disorders are other major problems.
Reduction in plants chlorophyll, marine ecosystem disturbance and microorganisms may get harmed as well.
ways to control it
National and international conferences to discuss o0n this issue and framing of strict laws should be given top priority.
Use of alternative technologies is to be implemented. Modern fridges and AC should be used that do not emit CFCs.
Aerosols free of CFCs must be only used. Natural fertilizers should be used.
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