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Thrissur District (Kerala)
Posted Date: 12 Jan 2009 Posted By: Webmaster Member Level: Platinum Points: 0
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| Author: T.M.Sankaran 11 Nov 2009 Member Level: Gold Points: 30 (Rs 30) | THRISSUR DISTRICT, one of the fourteen districts of Kerala, lies almost at the centre of the State, the Head Quarters of the same is located at the Thrissur City. Prior to the formation of Kerala State, Thrissur district was forming part of the erstwhile Kochi State, which became Thiru-Kochi State when Kochi was amalgamated with Thiruvithancore State. There was no change in the area or boundaries of Thrissur District with these changes. However, when Kerala State was formed in 1956, there were some modifications in the geography. Chittur Taluk, which was in Thrissur was made part of the new Palakkad District. The present Chavakkad Taluk of Thrissur district was formed carving out of some parts of the Ponnani Taluk of erstwhile Malabar District. Chavakkad, Thalappilly, Thrissur, Mukundapuram and Kodungallur are the five Taluks in Thrissur district. Palakkad and Malappuram districts are on the Northern boundary of the district, while there are on the east, Palakkad and Coimbatore Taluks (of Tamil Nadu State). The Southern boundary is shared by Ernakulam and Idukki districts and the Arabian Sea comes on the west. The area of the district is 3032 sq.km. Which is approximately 7.8% of the State's total area. According to 2001 census, Thrissur district has a population of 29,75,440 (9.3% of the State's). The sex ratio is 1092 female for 1000 male (in the State it is 1058 to 1000). The growth rate of population is 8.7, slightly less than that of the State (9.42). Density of population (981 per sq.km) is slightly more than that of the State (819).
Major religious break up of the population is 17,61,842 Hindus, 4,88,697 Muslims and 7,20,152 Christians.
Geography: Small narrow lakes have been formed parallel to the Arabian sea on the Western boundary of the district, into which flow the waters from various rivers, originating from the Western Ghats lying on the eastern side of the district. These lakes have openings to the sea at Chettuva and Kodungallur (Kottapuram). There are hundreds of hectares of paddy fields and coconut gardens in these areas. These low lying wet lands area is flooded during seasons. In the midland areas, with rivers and small water ways agricultural activities are the main stay. Paddy, vegetables, pepper, etc. are the main produce. Further east of these areas have several hills and small mountains, which may be classified as High land. In Thalappilly Taluk there is a chain of hills, the 'Machad hill' being the major one.
Rivers: - Almost through the boundaries on the north and south of Thrissur district, flows the major rivers Bharatha Puzha and Periyar, respectively. Other major rivers are Keechery, Chalakkudy and Karivannur. The Chalakkudy puzha has a total length of 145 km. and the small rivers Sholayar, Parambikulam, Kuriyar and Karapara join with this river. The Karuvannur river is formed with Manali and Kurumali rivers. Keechery river originates from Machad hills and flows towards Chettuva. There are a few fresh water lakes in the districts, of which Kattukambal of Thalappilly Taluk, Manakkody and Enammakkal of Thrissur Taluk and Muriyad of Mukundapuram Taluk are major ones. Kodungallur and Chettuva are the other major lakes, which during the summer become saline.
Soil condition: Thrissur district is famous for tiles and bricks industries. The soil (clay) available in Ollur – Puthukkad - Karuvannur area is best suited for manufacturing tiles (roof and floor) and bricks. Since the excavation of this soil beyond the limits are affecting the ecology and thereby the agricultural production of this area, restrictions have been imposed by the Government. The granites available in some other parts of the district are suitable for house constructions. China clay are also excavated from certain areas.
Forests: Reserve forests under the control of the Forest department are there in Thalappilly, Thrissur and Mukundapuram Taluks. Several people depend on the forests for their living. Timber, firewood, honey, bamboo, wax, cane, etc., are the main forest produces.
Agriculture: Majority of the people in the district depend on agriculture for their living. Paddy, coconut, arecanut (betel-nut), pepper, ginger, tapioca, rubber, cashew, vegetables and fruits are grown here. Sugar-cane, ragi and tea are also produced in certain areas. People staying close to the coastal area mainly depend on fishing for their living. The district has a coast line of about 51 km. spread in Kodungallur and Chavakkad Taluks.
Irrigation: Major irrigation projects are Cheerakkuzhi, Peechi, Vazhani and Chalakkudy, wherfrom water is diverted through canals to different parts of the district to assist the agriculture. In addition certain minor irrigation projects also are there in the district helping the agricultural activists.
Education: - Thrissur district is one of the centres of education in the State. Head quarters of the Kerala Agricultural University and Kerala Kalamandalam Deemed University are within the district. The proposed Medical University Head quarters is also planned to be within this district. There are 27 Arts and Science colleges in the district affiliated to the Calicut University. Additionally, there are 11 Engineering and Management colleges, 3 medical colleges, 7 Nursing colleges, one dental college, Two Ayurveda colleges, two pharmacy colleges, one Law college and 14 Teachers' Training colleges also. More than thousand schools belonging to LP, UP, HS and Higher Secondary category function in this district. Also there are 4 Polytechnics, two ITIs, 19 ITCs and a Small Industries Service Institute under the Industries Department of Govt. of India.
Under Kerala Agricultural university the colleges functioning within the district are College of Veterinary and Animal Science, College of Horticulture, College of Co-operation, Banking and Management, College of Forestry and College of Dairy Science and Technology. These colleges are located at Mannuthy and Vellanikkara (HQ of the University).
Kerala Kalamandalam is the centre of imparting training in art forms such as Kathakali, Mohaniyattam, Ottamthullal, Koothu, Kootiyattam, etc. which has now the status of a Deemed University. Originally, Kalamandalam was started at Cheruthuruthy on the banks of Bharatha puzha in 1930 by the famous Malayalam Poet Vallathole Narayana Menon. The present HQ of the Deemed University is in a campus adjacent to the original location at Cheruthuruthy.
Additionally, there are Kerala Engineering Research Institute and Kerala Forest Research Institute, both at Peechi.
Health: Even when the district was under the erstwhile Kochi State, actions were taken for attending to the people's health. A major hospital, known as Civil Hospital, was established in the year 1875 in Thrissur town which later developed into the District Hospital and Medical College Hospital. A Women's hospital (attending to Natality problems) was also established in 1915, which was modified as the District Hospital when the original district hospital was converted as the Medical College Hospital. A Mental Hospital was started in 1892. A Leprosy Hospital is functioning at Koratty, almost on the southern border of the district. There was a Leprosy sanatorium at Mulamkunnathu kavu where the Govt. Medical College is presently established. At present there are several Hospitals under the private sector which include two Medical College Hospitals (Amala and Mission Hospitals; Amala is having specialization in Cancer treatment). Public Health Centres are available in most of the Panchayaths.
In other systems of medicines also the district has lot of facilities. Two Ayurveda Colleges and hundreds of Ayurveda Treatment Centres (Oushadhasalas) are functioning in this district. Homoeo treatment facilities are also available both at the Government and Private sectors.
Transport: Thrissur is connected with other cities within as well as without the State by train. Most of the major trains stop at Thrissur Station. Road network in the district is good and is well connected by bus services. National Highways 47 and 17 pass through the district.
Industries: As already pointed out Thrissur is famous for tile and brick industries. Beedi making, coir manufacturing, oil crushing, cotton thread spinning, paddy crushing and Ayurvedic medicine manufacturing are other areas in which several people are engaged. In cotton spinning there are some famous industrial centres in the district which include Alagappa Textiles (Amballoor), J & P Coats (Koratty), Kerala Lakshmi Mills (Thrissur), Sitaram Textiles (Thrissur), Vanaja Textiles (Thrissur), Cochin Lakshmi Mills (Mulamkunnath kavu) and Thrissur Cotton Mills (Nattika). State Government owned Ayurveda medicine manufacturing unit, “Oushadhi” is situated in this district. Thrissur is famous for gold ornaments and imitation diamonds.
Cultural Activities:Thrissur is considered as the cultural capital of Kerala. Major temple festivals of this district attracts thousands of people including foreigners. 'Thrissur Pooram' (Pooram is temple festival) is world famous which is a festival in which nine temples participate. Mainly, Paramekkavu and Thiruvambadi are the two temples which take part in it with a competitive approach. Fifteen numbers of caparisoned elephants on each side parade face to face for hours during which time the decorated umbrellas held on the elephants go on changing one after another with a competitive spirit. Lakhs of people witness this 'Kuta Mattam' (changing of umbrellas), every year. During late night (almost next day early morning), both the parties conduct colorful fireworks using different types of explosives. There is an element of competition in this also.
In addition to Thrissur Pooram there several other major temples in the district which conduct their annual festivals with pomp and pleasure. This include temples such as Guruvayur, Mammiyur, Arattupuzha (more than hundred elephants participate here), Koodal Manikkam (Irinjalakkuda), Thriprayar, Oorakam,Thiruvulla kavu, Uthralikkavu, Poonkunnam, Sankaran kulangara, Kottapuram, Kuttankulangara, Cherpu, Thaikkatussery, Nelluvay, etc. Perhaps this is the district with maximum number of temples in Kerala.
Similar is the case with the number of Churches and the festivals there. Thrissur happens to be the district in Kerala with second largest Christian population (first being Ernakulam dist.). One of the largest churches in India, 'Puthen Palli' (New Church) is in the city. It is an architectural beauty attracting several people.
Muslims constitute around 16.4 % of the district's population, hence there are major mosques in this districts. The ones at Kodungallur and Chavakkad are famous for annual festivals.
Thrissur is proud of having the head offices of Sahitya Academy, Sangeetha Nataka Academy, Kerala and Lalitha kala academy, a museum and a zoo, a Public Library and an Art Gallery. The main town Thrissur is around the famous vatakkum Natha Temple, which has a large ground around it where the Thrissur Pooram is held. The Southern side of the ground is known as Thekkin kadu maidan (ground of teak wood forest). History has it that this side of temple was a thick forest mainly with teak wood trees. During the reign of famous Raja of Kochi, Sakthan Thampuran, the forest was removed and started using the place for conducting festivals. Thrissur Pooram was started celebrating from 1797 onwards in this open space Thekke Nada.
| | Author: Vimal dev 06 Oct 2011 Member Level: Gold Points: 2 (Rs 2) | Hi,
Please find below updates.
1)Collector Name :V. Sanal Kumar IAS
2)Address :District Collectorate,
Thrissur, Kerala
PIN:680001
3)Phone : 0487-2360199
4)Email ID :tsrcoll@kerala.nic.in
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