OPTICAL FIBRE

Optical fibres are the light equivalent of microwave wave guides with the additional adavantage of a very wide bandwidth. Physically, an optical fibre is a very thin flexible medium, having a cylindrical shape consisting of three sections:

(i) The core
(ii) The cladding
(iii) The jacket

Core is the innermost section and is made of glass or plastic. This is the optical fibre and has the property of conducting an optical beam. It is surrounded by its own cladding, a glass or plastic coating that has optical properties which are very different from those of the core. The outer section is called the jacket made of plastic or polymer and other materials and is provided for protection against moisture, absorption, crushing and other enviornmental dangers.

The core acts like a continuous layer of two parallel mirrors. A signal is first encoded into a light beam, which is than passed in between the two boundaries and propgated as a result of multiple internal reflections.

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