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47 Basic Unix Commands


Posted Date: 24 Mar 2008    Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing    Category: Computer & Technology
Posted By: ashish singh       Member Level: Diamond
Rating:     Points: 5



Basic Unix Commands


1.ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those
are kept in the particular working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -l


2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see
the hiden files.

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -la


3.ls -li same as 'ls -la' but it will also shows us the inode
number of each and every file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -li


4.ls by this command we can see only file name nothing
else

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls


5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)

syntax: [root@localhost root]#clear


6.exit to end a current session as well current terminal
logging


syntax:[root@localhost root]exit


7.touch to create a new empty file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#touch


8.cd to change the working/present directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cd /home/mango
where '/home/mango' is the desired directory to be
change from '/root'


9.cat to view the contents of a file and it is also used
for creating a new file with some contents

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cat to view
file contents
[root@localhost root]#cat > newfilename
enter,then you can write something in the file and
then to save the file contents press clt+d then enter


10.mkdir to make a new directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir newdirname
you can also create a directory at your desired path
without changing your present working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir
/home/mango/newdirname


11.rm to remove a empty file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rm filename


12.rmdir to remove a empty directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rmdir directoryname


13.rm [-i/-r/-f] to remove a directory with its subdirectories as well
as its files that is to remove a directory which
already contains some files in it

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rm -i
directory/filename

-i stands for interactively
-r stands for recursively
-f stands for forcefully


14.cp to copy something in a destination file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cp sourcepath
destinationpath
example: [root@localhost root]#cp
/home/mango/webmin.rpm /root/abcd
in this example the webmin.rpm file will be
copied in /root/abcd directory


15.mv to move one file or directory from one place to
another place, it is also used for renaming adirectory or
file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mv source destination
[root@localhost root]#mv oldfilename
newfilename [to change the file name]


16.man to view the mannual page of commands for syntax

syntax: [root@localhost root]#man commandname


17.info to view the information about any command

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir info


18.--help to view the help doccuments of a command

syntax: [root@localhost root]#commandname --help


19.dir to view the subdirectories and filesn under the
directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#dir


20.su - to become a super user

syntax: [mango@localhost mango]$su -
output wil be [root@localhost root#]


21.who by this command you can see the user name and their
ip addresses who have loged in on your server

syntax: [root@localhost root]#who


22.whoami this command shows your current logged in terminal
user name

syntax: [root@localhost root]#whoami


23.who am i this command shows you the logged in terminal number
and user name and more detailed information

syntax: [root@localhost root]#who am i


24.pwd to view the present working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#pwd


25.rpm -ivh to install a rpm package

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rpm -ivh
packagename.rpm

rpm stands for 'redhat package manager'
-i stands for install
-v stands for verbose mode
-h stands for with hash sign(#)


26.rpm -q to querry about any rpm package

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rpm -q packagename


27.rpm -e to uninstall a rpm package

synatx: [root@localhost root]#rpm -e package


28.find / -name to find any file or directory in linux file system

syntax: [root@localhost root]#find / -name filename


29.su username to switch from one user to another users home
directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#su mango
output will be [mango@localhost root]#cd
[mango@localhost mango]#


30.su - username to switch from one user to another user users home
directory directly

syntax: [root@localhost root]#su - mango


31.useradd to create a new user

synatx: [root@localhost root]#useradd username


32.passwd to give a password of a user

syntax: [root@localhost root]#passwd tarun
output will be give a password for user tarun:(here
you have to type a password for tarun user)
confirm password:(again type the same password)


33.userdel to remove a user from linux

syntax: [root@localhost root]#userdel tarun


34.groupadd to add a new group

syntax: [root@localhost root]#groupadd groupname


35.gruopdel to delete a group

syntax: [root@localhost root]#groupdel groupname


36.chown to change the ownership of a file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#chown ownername
filename
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
output:
drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
(permission) (own) (group own)(size) (name)

[root@localhost root]#chown tarun /abcd
in this example /abcd directory owner will be change
to tarun user effect

[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd


37.chgrp to change the group ownership of a file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#chgrp newgroupownername
filename
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

[root@localhost root]#chgrp tarun /abcd
effect:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun tarun 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd


38.chmod to change the permission of a file or directory

drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
(permission) (ownr) (grpownr) (size) (name) IN

OCTAL VALUE:d stands for directiry READ=4
r stands for read only permission WRITE=2
w stands for write only permission
EXECUTE=1
x stands for execute only permission

drwxrw-rw- FIRST OCTET FOR DENOTING THE DIRECTORY OR
FILE OR LINK FILE ETC.

SECOND THREE OCTET FOR USER OR OWNER PERMISSION (rwx OR
7 IN OCTAL VALUE)
THIRD THREE OCTET FOR GROUP PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN
OCTAL VALUE)
FORTH THREE OCTET FOR OTHERS PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN
OCTAL VALUE)

SYNTAX: [root@localhost root]#chmod value
fileordirectoryname
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l

drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

[root@localhost /]#chmod 402 /abcd
[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drw-----w- 2 tarun tarun 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd


40.usermod to modify the user profile

synatx: [root@localhost root]#usermod -parameter
groupname username


41.vi to edit a file.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#vi
filename/absolute_path/relative_path


42.ipconfig to get information about Ethernet card (for WINDOWS).

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ipconfig /all


43.ifconfig to get information about Ethernet card (for LINUX).

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ifconfig



44.ping to check whether two machines are connected or not.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ping



45.telnet to login to the server(in which LINUX operating system
is running) from a remote machine.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#telnet



46.init to change the Run Level.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#init run_level
run_level: 0 --> halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
1 --> Single user mode
2 --> Multiuser, without NFS(The same as 3,
if you do not have networking)
3 --> full multiuser mode
4 --> unused
5 --> for graphics mode(X11)
6 --> reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to
this)

47.shutdown to halt/restart the machine

synatx: [root@localhost root]#shutdown -h/-r time
-h --> for halt
-r --> for restart




Responses
Author: madhu    26 Mar 2008Member Level: Bronze   Points : 4
Hi,
The Unix commands what we given are useful for a unknown preson also and these are the commands are covered total unix and from this we manipulate the whole shell script of unix.For any language the basics are important so the basics of unix commands is sufficient to learn.
Thank you for given the commands of unix.


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