How to approach for developing programs

Software is required for running any system, which are written using various programming approaches. But these programming languages follow two approaches. These approaches decide how the compiler deal with the code given to it. Here is a discussion on these approaches.

Introduction

Programs are the collection of set of instructions, that are used to perform some specific task. The instructions are given to the system using some programming language. There are various programming languages available today. These languages uses different programming approaches to proceed. The approach could pay more emphasis either on doing things or on data to be affected.

There are two approaches used for this purpose.
1.Procedure oriented programming
2.Object oriented programming

Procedure oriented programming

Here in this approach, greater emphasis is given on doing things (using algorithm) rather giving emphasis to data. This approach simply divides larger and complex problems into smaller programs called functions and handles them. These functions generally share global data, which are declared at the beginning of the program. Here the data is free to be used everywhere, in every function.
This approach uses the concept of top down programming design. In top down design compilers parse the string or instructions from left to right, i.e left most derivation is used here. COBOL, FORTRAN, C are some languages that uses this concept. It does not model the real world problems.

Object oriented programming

In this approach, emphasis is given on data rather than procedure. This approach uses the concept of objects . The object is a basic run time entity. Data structure ties the data of the object and are used by the functions. It uses data abstraction, to hide data and the data could not be accessed by external functions. The data of one object could be used by another objects also. It provides the basis of inheritance for the concept of reusability. It uses the concept of bottom up programming design. Here right derivation is used. The instructions are parsed from right to left. C++, java are some languages that uses this approach. It could easily model the real world problems.

These two approaches are used by the programming languages to successively perform the coding of the programs.

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How to approach for developing programs

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