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INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
General Measurement system and stages, sensors and transducers, transmitters, converters, Input-Output relationship of measuring instruments, methods of minimizing effect of interfering input, static and dynamic characteristics, classification of errors and methods for reducing errors, calibration, sensitivity, hysteresis, resolution, drift, linearization, choice of instrument for a specific application.
2. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Temperature scales, thermometers, thermocouples. resistance thermometers, thermisters, radiation and optical pyrometers.
Manometers, mechanical pressure sensors electrical pressure measuring devices, pressure transmitters and vacuum measurement systems.
3. FLOW AND LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Variable head flow meters, variable area flow meters, positive displacement flow meters, hot wire anemometer, open channel flow meters, mass flow measurement, liquid level, solid level and continuous level measurement.
4. COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENT
Thermal conductivity analyzers, paramagnetic analyzers, spectroscopic methods, Gas chromatography, electrical conductivity methods, pH and Ion selective measurements, construction and use of electrodes, particle size measurement techniques.
5. FORCE, TORQUE AND STRAIN MEASUREMENT
Elastic elements for force measurement, torque measurements, electrical resistance. strain gauges and measuring circuit, temperature compensation, strain gauge rosettes.
Instrument calibration, standards, standard test procedures, ISO 9000 requirements for calibration procedures, recent developments in process measurements.
TEXT BOOK
1. Radhakrishnan V. R., “Instrumentation and Control for the Chemical, Mineral and Metallurgical Processes”, Allied Publishers Limited, India, 1997.
REFERENCES
1. Holman J.P., “Experimental methods for Engineers”, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill International, 2001.
2. Beckwith, Marangoni, Lienhard, “Mechanical Measurements”, V Ed., Addison-Wesley Longman, India, 2000.
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