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my academic project documentation
Posted Date: 16 May 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: Computer & Technology
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Posted By: sri phani kumari Member Level: Gold
Rating:  Points: 2
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INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction
An employment-based immigrant visa is based on an offer of permanent, full time employment from a US employer. Many nurses who wish to come to the United States have signed up with third party agencies, which do the paperwork, but the sponsoring agency would be the hospital that has made the offer of employment. This type of sponsorship can be very fragile, as hospitals will often fill positions and then withdraw sponsorship of the nurse. Economic factors may also interfere with successful completion of the process, as hospitals may close
Working as a healthcare professional in the United States can be a rich and rewarding experience. You are eligible to apply for a nursing position in the USA if you are registered Nurse, holding a Nursing Degree or Diploma from a reputable Nursing Institute and currently working and have a minimum of two years experience with a Hospital.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2. System Analysis
System analysis is first stage according to System Development Life Cycle model. This System Analysis is a process that starts with the analyst. Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and their relationships with in and out side the system. One aspect of analysis is defining the boundaries of the system and determining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not a candidate should consider other related systems. During analysis, data is collected from the available files, decision points, and transactions handled by the present system.
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system is a manual system that accepts the projects requests from the clients and schedules to the respective employees within the organization as per their key performance indication factors. The employees within the organization are standardized and stored with respect to their still sets. Every project once it is scheduled is concluded the amount of man and machine hours that are required and as per the resultant outputs that are a lived, a specific employee is chosen from his KPI rating, such that he fits with in the scenario. The organization not only takes the responsibility of the clients but also the documentation standards that are practically prescribed.
The project documents are revised timely to Cates to the changes that may take place as the system is under development or re-modification. Some of the problems which the existing system faced are?
1. The system suffers from time-consuming procedures in terms of gathering information.
2. There is a time delay in organizing and extracting the information from the users. This results in delay in decision making.
3. The organization may require immediate response at regular intervals, which is very difficult to generate using the existing system.
4. The candidates need to wait for long time for completion of their works.
5. To track the information of one candidate is high risk.
6. Maintaining centralized database is very difficult in manual system.
2.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The aim of this project is to develop an application that improves the services for scheduling the immigration and recruitment processes within the organization. Finally what we can say is managing using effective management software
Nursing homes frequently go into bankruptcy and they also have historically had problems proving that they are financially solvent and able to provide a secure position. IDG Management does not act as a third party agency. IDG will be your sponsoring employer. Your full time job of record will be with IDG, and you will be assigned a hospital placement after you arrive in the United States. The system is capable of maintaining information about Nurses and their status Information
2.3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
IDG Management Services will be the sponsoring agency for your employment based immigrant visa.
An employment-based immigrant visa is based on an offer of permanent, full time employment from a US employer. Many nurses who wish to come to the United States have signed up with third party agencies, which do the paperwork, but the sponsoring agency would be the hospital that has made the offer of employment. This type of sponsorship can be very fragile, as hospitals will often fill positions and then withdraw sponsorship of the nurse. Economic factors may also interfere with successful completion of the process, as hospitals may close. This procedure ensures that you will not lose sponsorship during the time it takes to process, and additionally, that you will have the opportunity to select from a variety of employers when you arrive in the United States.
1. To provide up-to-date and accurate information about the candidate.
2. Faster information retrieval and accurate speed of processing of all the candidates.
3. Maintain one centralized database
4. To provide web based system.
5. Authentication is need to provide in different stages
6. Need to integrate all stages
For Above reasons need to implement automation system for immigration process.
IDG MANAGEMENT SERVICES
IDG Management is a global recruiter of nurses. IDG Specializes in placing nurses on contract in the United States, and Offers positions in the best medical facilities available. To be a candidate for immigration through IDG Management, you must meet the following criteria:
1. Fluent verbal and written English
2. Graduate of an accredited nursing school
3. Current nursing license in country of origin
4. At least one year clinical experience within the past five years
5. No criminal history or history of drug use
6. Willingness to relocate to the US within 30 days of immigration approval
There are two major components that nurses need to complete to obtain licensure and immigration to the United States. These are the testing process to ensure that you are clinically prepared to work in the US, and the immigration process which will provide you with your green card. The immigration process, Phase I, cannot start until you have received your CGFNS certificate.
IMMIGRATION PAPER WORK
1. Resume
2. Signed employment contract
3. Attorney questionnaire
4. High school Diploma
5. Nursing Degree
6. Nursing Licenses in all countries
7. CGFNS Certificate (copy only)
8. Birth Certificate- (copy only)
9. Marriage Certificate copy only (If married)
10. Husband and children’s birth certificates copies only (if applicable)
11. Copy of Pass port (all pages including the blank pages)
12. Three passport size photos
13. Authorization for CGFNS and ICHP
14. Authorization for Immigration.
The whole process of obtaining a Green Card (immigrant Visa) involves many different steps and forms to be completed, and can be quite confusing. To make it easier for our applicants to understand what they must go through we like to break down those steps and categorize them into two basic phases. Many times, discussions or descriptions will refer to Phase I and/or Phase II. The following is a brief description:
Phase I for a Registered Nurse
To make sure that the job description and requirements match the nurses' educational and professional qualifications; to make sure that the employer is financially able to pay the nurses salary; to make sure the employer offers a prevailing wage which is not less than other similarly employed persons in the same profession, in the same geographic area. Includes completion and filling of I-140 Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker and all supporting forms and documentation. The Approval of the I-140 marks the end of Phase I.
The initiation of Phase I is confirmed approximately six weeks after filing of the application. At that time, you will receive a "Notice of Action" letter that acknowledges receipt of your application, and assigns you a case number. Once you have a case number, you will be able to check your status online Average length of time between filing of the application and I140 approval is approximately between 12 and 20 weeks but can take up to 270 to 300 days.
Phase II for a Registered Nurse
INS conducts a complete background check on the alien and any family members that will accompany them to the US. This includes submitting detailed biographic data, fingerprinting, medical examinations, etc. If the nurse resides outside the US, the process culminates with an interview at the US Consulate (Consulate Processing.) If the nurse resides in the US, the process culminates with an approved I-485 Application to Adjust Status and the stamping of an immigrant visa in the passport.
After your I140 is approved, your file will be sent from the local immigration office (ours is in Nebraska) to the National Visa Center. Sometimes the National Visa Center will send you a form "Choice of Agent" which you need to sign and send back to the IDG office. But all of you will receive “Fee bill Sheet" for you and each one of your dependents.
In the past you could pay this amount ($335 per each visa requested) in your home country, but now the fee has to be paid in the United States. IDG will pay the fee for each nurse applicant, but the applicant must make arrangements with the local IDG office for payment of fees for dependents. The local office will help you file DS-230 forms. The DS-230 forms will be forwarded to IDG Chicago office. After review by our attorney and verification by our Immigration specialist will be filed with NVC for processing. This will take approximately 30 to 60 days and all your paper work will be forwarded to your local American Consulate.
Depending on number of visa files ahead of you. Candidates will receive notification for physical exam, and visa interview date from the local consulate. Time frames vary by country, but currently India and the Philippines are taking approximately 4 months. The time frame for other countries is approximately one month. In the Philippines, notification is by mail. In India and other countries, interview dates are posted on your local consulate office website, and updated monthly. You must frequently check the website to obtain your interview dates.
Most nurses who want to work in the US know they have to take the CGFNS Exam, and most have heard of the Visa Screen Certificate. But beyond that, many are not sure what to do, how to do it, how long it takes, or where to get the information. By going through the following steps carefully and by being very diligent in performing all the steps in order, and in a timely manner, your qualifications to enter the US will be completed in as timely a manner as possible.
The functional description focuses on the overall flow of the modules and the stages involved in the system. The applicant has to go through all these stages in order to get the immigration process done completely. We now see in detail description of the system’s stages.
Stage 1.
The stage 1 consists of the initiation taken by the applicant to go to the other country for a job. If the applicant wishes to go for a job with the clients of the IDGMS he/she has to submit the personal information. This information involves the
1. Personal Information.
2. Educational Certificates.
3. Passport.
4. Resume as a soft copy.
5. Experience Certificate with minimum 2 years of bedside experience.
6. Local experience or foreign experience.
The above said details are minimum requirements to start the process of immigration. Apart from these there is one more certificate, which is very most important for the applicant to get a job with a client. This certificate is called the CGFNS certificate. It stands for Commission on Graduation in Foreign Nursing School.
This certificate is the basic necessity for any applicant to apply in the foreign-based client of the IDGMS. It certifies that the applicant has the knowledge and the expertise to go and work with the clients based in abroad. The applicant must have 2 years of bedside experience in their respective fields to prove the expertise. The applicant must get the CGFNS certificate in the beginning or the later stages. It is mandatory for any applicant to have this certificate. If the applicant is not having the CGFNS certificate he/she can get it through the IDGMS. All these details are taken by the IDGMS staff and uploaded into the database.
Stage 2.
Once the applicant registers with the IDGMS system he/she has go through a series of steps. He/she is given username and password after the registration process is completed. These steps start from the stage 2.In the stage2 the applicant needs to write the technical tests conducted by the IDGMS. This test involves questions on the analytical, mathematic, logical aspects. This is the only test conducted by the IDGMS. At this stage the total cumulative cost incurred on the applicant is calculated. A cumulative cost is the one, which is calculated, based up on the each of the expenditures incurred upon the applicant. Once the applicant clears the technical tests, he/she is given an optional contract. This optional contract is an agreement between the applicant and the IDGMS. The agreement states that the applicant and the IDGMS are bound together until the immigration process is completed.
Stage 3.
The next module requires the applicant to get the certificates on the English language tests like the GRE, TOEFL, and IELTS. These tests ensure that the applicant has the basic communication skills which are required when he/she joins the job with the foreign client. The English language test certificates can be acquired directly by the applicant or else if the applicant is not having these certificates then he/she has the choice of joining the Training centers which are in collaboration with the IDGMS. The company has tie ups with various training centers, through which it provides corporate training to the people who are being recruited. The training consists of the enhancement of the various skills related the chosen fields of the applicants. The payment details of the corporate training given by the training centers are calculated as the cumulative cost for each of the applicants. This is one of the procedures for acquiring the English language Test Certificate.
IDGMS is also having its own training centers and the applicant can get the training done with the IDGMS also. The training centers which are collaborated with the IDGMS must be registered with the company. Each of the training centers will be given with a user id and password. The administrator of the IDGMS system takes care of issuing the user ID s and the passwords to the various users. The training centers must send the applicant’s performance to the IDGMS. The training centers give the weekly report of the applicant to the IDGMS. This information is uploaded by the training centers and IDGMS evaluates the performance of the applicant at the training sessions. If the applicant is exceptional then he/she is given scholarship at the training. The Choice of awarding the scholarship to the applicant completely rests on the discretion of the IDGMS.In this stage the Applicant signs Employment contract. This is an agreement between the applicant and the IDGMS and the client. This agreement is to be created for the terms and conditions related to the job and the payment details between the actors involved in the contract.
Stage 4.
The next stage consists of the filing and sending all the details to the visa screening test. In this stage the applicant must file all the certificates including the CGFNS Certificate and the Educational certificates. If the applicant has just appeared for the CGFNS exam then he/she must atleast produce a pass certificate. The original certificate can be produced later.
Stage 5.
This module deals with the Visa screening of the applicant. All the details collected above are sent to the ICHP (International Council for the Health Care Professionals). It’s an International governing body which checks for the authenticity of the CGFNS certificate produced by the applicant. ICHP is a Division of the CGFNS. The ICHP gives the approval for the Visa screening and the applicant is given the Visa Application form from the ICHP. The applicant must attach the CGFNS certificate to the rest of the details and then send it to the ICHP for further evaluation.
The ICHP evaluates the authenticity of the related certificates.
Stage 6.
The next stage deals with the filing for the immigration to the attorney. This stage is divided in to part1 and part2.
Part1
Part1 contains the DS200 form which is only for the applicant. The applicant files for the immigration process by giving the details in this form. The applicant must submit the following certificates.
1. Educational certificates.
2. CGFNS certificate.
3. Police Clearance Certificate (PCC).
4. DOB certificate.
5. Change of address for the last 15 years.
6. Current employment details.
7. Experience details.
The DS200 form deals only with the applicant information. It is not essential to submit all the certificates at a time. The applicant may submit some of the certificates later.
Part 2.
This part deals with the dependents of the applicant. All the details of the dependents of the applicants are to be submitted which includes the basic requirements as mentioned above. The attorney approves the process and the validity of the certificates and issues SRC No to both the applicants and the dependents.
Stage 7.
The stage 5 and stage 6 are performed parallel. All the details and the certificates are sent for the immigration clearance to the attorney. After filing the details of the applicant and the dependents to the attorney, the attorney will check the validity of the certificates. The attorney checks for the details of the employment contract which also includes the employee, the employer and the IDGMS.
Stage 8.
The next module consists of the issuing of the immigration clearance certificate. The attorney confirms the immigration process. The applicant gets the permission for immigration and he/she has the choice of terminating the immigration.
Stage 9.
The applicant gets the approval for the immigration as well as date for the interview from the embassy. Accordingly he/she should attend the interview to be held at the embassy.
Stage 10.
The employer pays for the travel charges and gets the plane tickets. The applicant will not pay for the travel charges. The travel charges for the dependents will be borne by the applicant.
Stage 11.
This module contains the last exam of the immigration process i.e., NCL Ex (National Council License Exam).This exam is conducted by the employers to test the knowledge of the applicant regarding the employer. If the applicant fails in this exam then he/she has to repeat the procedure from the stage 1 again. If the applicant q qualifies this exam then he/she can join the client for the job. IDGMS provides the material for the exam.
Stage 12.
This module handles the payment details related to the applicant, employer, IDGMS. Here the total cumulative cost of the applicant, the employer and the IDGMS is calculated. The administrator maintains the information related to the IDGMS staff, all the other users of the system like the training centers, joint ventures, etc. The applicant gets the reimbursement
2.4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
The requirement phase basically consists of 3 activities:
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Requirement Specification
3. Requirement Validation
2.4.1 Requirement Analysis:
Requirement analysis is a software engineering task that bridges the gap between system level software application and design. It provides the system engineer to specify software function and performance indicate software’s interface with the system elements and establish constraints that software must needs.
The basic aim of this phase is to obtain a clear picture of the needs and requirement of the end user and also the organization. Analysis involves interaction between the clients. Usually analyst research a problem from any question asked and reading existing document. The analyst have to uncover the real needs of the user even they don’t know the clear. During analysis it is essential that complete and consistence set of specifications emerge for the system. Here it is essential to resolve the contradiction that could emerge from information got from various parties.
This is essential to ensure that the final specifications are consistent. It may be divided into 5 areas of effort.
? Problem reorganization.
? Evaluation and synthesis
? Modeling
? Specification
? Review
Each requirement analysis method has a unique point of view .however all analysis methods are related by a set of operational principles. They are:
? The information domain of the problem must be represented and understood.
? The functions that the software is to perform must be defined
? The behavior of software as a consequence of external events must be defined.
? The models that depict information function and behavior must be partitioned in a hierarchical or layered fashion.
? The analysis process must move from essential information to implementation details.
2.4.2 Software requirement specification:
The software requirement specification is produced at the culmination of the analysis task. The function and performance allocated to the part of the system engineering are refined by establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional and behavioral description and indication of the performance requirements and design constraints, appropriate validation criteria and other data pertinent to requirements. An outline of the software requirement specification. A simplified outline can be given for the frame work of the specification. This is according to the IEEE standards.
2.4.3 Specification Validation:
Software requirement specification plays an important role in creating software solution. Specification is basically a representation process. Requirements are represented in a manner that ultimately leads to successful software implementation. Requirement may be specified in a variety of ways. However there are some guidelines worth following:
? Representation format and content should be relevant to the problem
? Information contained with in the specification should be nested.
? Diagrams and other notation forms should be restricted in a number and consistence in use.
? Representation should be revisable.
2.4.4 Feasibility Study
All projects are feasible, given unlimited resources and infinite time. But the development of software is plagued by the scarcity of resources and difficult delivery rates. It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of a project at the earliest possible time. The three considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis.
2.4.5 Economic Feasibility:
This procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with cost. If benefits out weight cost, then the decision is made to design and implementation the system. Otherwise further justification or alterations in proposal system we have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy that in each phase of the system life cycle.
2.4.6 Technical Feasibility:
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system and what extent in can support the proposed edition. If the budget is the serious constraint then the project is judged not feasible.
2.4.7 Operation Feasibility:
People are inherently resistant to change and computers have been known to facilitate change. It is un-understandable that the introduction of a candidate system requires special effort to educate, sell and train the staff on new ways of conducting business
SYSTEM DESIGN
3. SYSTEM DESIGN
The most creative and challenging phase of the life cycle is system design. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is devolved. It refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementation of the candidate system. The design may be defined as “the process of Appling various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining a device, a process or a system with sufficient details to permit its physical realization”.
The designer’s goal is how the output is to be produced and in what format. Samples of the output and input are also presented. Second input data and database files have to be designed to meet the requirements of the proposed output. The processing phases are handled through the program construction and testing. Finally, details related to justification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are documented and evaluated by management as a step toward implementation.
Implementation is the stage where the theoretical design is turned into a working system. The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system and in giving confidence on the new system for the users that it will work efficiently and effectively. The stem can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to work according to the specification.
It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over and an evaluation of change over methods a part from planning. Two major tasks of preparing the implementation are education and training of the users and testing of the system.
The more complex the system being implemented, the more involved will be the systems analysis and design effort required just for implementation. The implementation phase comprises of several activities. The required hardware and software acquisition is carried out. The system may require some software to be developed. For this, programs are written and tested. The user then changes over to his new fully tested system and the old system is discontinued.
3.1 Data dictionary
APPLICANT_COURSE
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
EXPE_INYRS NUMBER(6)
HOSPITALNAME VARCHAR2(6)
FROMDT NUMER(10,2)
APPLICANT_EXPERIENCE
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USER_ID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
HOSPITALNAME VARCHAR2(30)
FROMDT DATE
TODT DATE
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(10)
CITY VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(15)
COUNTRY VARCHAR2(15)
PHONE1 NUMBER(10)
FAX NUMBER(16)
APPLICANT_MASTER
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITON
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
FIRSTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
MIDDLENAME VARCHAR2(30)
LASTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
DOB DATE
PASSPORTID NUMBER(8)
EMAILID VARCHAR2(30)
PASPRTEXPDATE NUMBER
CLINICLASPE VARCHAR2(30)
TITLE VARCHAR
APPLICANTCONTACT
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
ADDRESS2 VARCHAR2(30)
ZIP FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
CITY NUMBER(6)
PHONEMOBILE NUMBER(6)
PHONEWORK NUMBER(6)
PHONEHOME NUMBER(6)
PHONEFAX NUMBER(6)
APPLICANT_PAYMENTS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
ORDINAL VARCHAR2(30)
RELATIONSHIP VARCHAR2(30)
FIRSTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
MIDDLENAME VARCHAR2(30)
LASTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
BIRTHDATE DATE
NATIONALITY VARCHAR2(30)
PASSPORTID NUMBER
CLIENT_MASTER
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
CLIENTID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
NAME VARCHAR2(30)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
ADDRESS2 VARCHAR2(30)
CITY VARCHAR2(30)
COUNTRYCODE NUMBER(6)
CERTIFICATES
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
ORDINAL NUMBER(6)
CERTIFICATE NUMBER(6)
CERTDATE NUMBER(6)
NOTES VARCHAR2(10)
CERTID NUMBER(6)
CERTTYPE VARCHAR2(10)
EXAM_RESULT_CGFNS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
PERIOD_ID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(12)
EMPLOYEE_NO FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
PROJECT_ID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
ROLE_CODE_ID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
EXAM_RESULT_IELTS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
IELTS_PASSEDDT DATE
LISTENING_SCORE NUMBER(6)
READING_SCORE NUMER(10,2)
WRITING_SCORE NUMBER(16)
EXAM_RESULT_TOEFL
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITON
USERID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
TOEFL_PASSEDDT DATE
LISTENING_SCORE NUMBER(6)
READING_SCORE NUMBER(6)
STRUCTURES_SCORE NUMBER(6)
IDGEMPLOYEE
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
EMPLOYEEID FOREI FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
FIRSTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
MIDDLENAME VARCHAR2(30)
LASTNAME VARCHAR2(30)
IDGMSUSERS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY VARCHAR2(30)
PASSWORD NUMBER(6)
MODETYPE LONG
CREATED VARCHAR2(30)
ENABLE VARCHAR2(30)
IDGPAYMENTS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
COSTID NUMBER(6)
AMTPAID NUMBER(6)
DOP DATE
NOTES VARCHAR2(30)
STAGECODE NUMBER(6)
CLIENTID NUMBER(6)
IMMIGRATIONCOSTS
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
COSTID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(6)
COSTNAME FOREIGN KEY VARCHAR2(10)
COST NUMBER(6)
JOINTVENTURE
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
JVID PRIMARY KEY NUMBER(12)
USERID FOREIGN KEY NUMBER(6)
NAME FOREIGN KEY VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 FOREIGN KEY VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS2 VARCHAR2(10)
CITY VARCHAR2(10)
NOTES VARCHAR2(10)
TYPE VARCHAR2(10)
REIMBURSEMENTS:
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARYKEY NUMBER(6)
AMTREIMB VARCHAR2(30)
RDATE DATE
PURPOSE VARCHAR2(30)
NOTES VARCHAR(10)
STAGES
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
USERID PRIMARYKEY NUMBER(6)
AMTREIMB VARCHAR2(30)
RDATE DATE
PURPOSE VARCHAR2(30)
NOTES VARCHAR(10)
TRAINING_CENTER
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
CENTERID PRIMARYKEY NUMBER(6)
COURSECODE NUMBER(10)
USERID NUMBER(10)
FEES NUMBER(10)
TRAINING_CENTER_FEES
NAME CONSTRAINT DATA TYPE DESCRIPITION
CENTERID PRIMARYKEY NUMBER(6)
COURSECODE NUMBER(10)
USERID NUMBER(10)
FEES NUMBER(10)
3.2 Diagrams
Use case Diagrams
Activity Diagram
Employee Skills Collaboration
Sequence Diagram
COLLABORATION DIAGRAM
3.6. Data Flow Diagrams:
We use 3 Levels to develop Data Flow Diagrams
1. Context Level
2. Top Level
3. Detailed Level
Context Level D.F.D:
In the Context Level D.F.D, We define the External Entities which interacts with the Main system.
In our system the External entities are:
1. Administrator
2. Customer
3. Supplier
Top Level D.F.D:
In the Top level D.F.D, we try to find the Processes and Sub Processes which include in the System.
Detailed Level D.F.D:
In the Detailed level every system is divided into sub systems, and it describes the detailed flow of each processes.
Context level DFD
Detail DFD
3.7 Hardware and software requirements
Software requirements:
Operating system: windows XP
Backend : ORACLE 9i
Front end : HTML
Langage : Java2.0 (JDBC, SERVLETS), Java script
Driver : oracle.
Browser : Internet Explorer 5.0
Hardware Requirements:
CPU : Pentium 4
RAM : 256 MB
Hard disk : 40 GB
Server : Any Java enabled web server.
4. TESTING
1. The process of executing a system with the intent of finding an error.
2. Testing is defined as the process in which defects are identified, isolated, subjected for rectification and ensured that product is defect free in order to produce the quality product and hence customer satisfaction.
3. Quality is defined as justification of the requirements
4. Defect is nothing but deviation from the requirements
5. Defect is nothing but bug.
6. Testing --- The presence of bugs
7. Testing can demonstrate the presence of bugs, but not their absence
8. Debugging and Testing is not the same thing!
9. Testing is a systematic attempt to break a program or the AUT
Testing Methodologies:
• Black box Testing: is the testing process in which tester can perform testing on an application without having any internal structural knowledge of application.
Usually Test Engineers are involved in the black box testing.
• White box Testing: is the testing process in which tester can perform testing on an application with having internal structural knowledge.
Usually The Developers are involved in white box testing.
• Gray Box Testing: is the process in which the combination of black box and white box tonics are used.
Levels of Testing:
Module1 Module2 Module3
Units
Units
Units
i/p Integration o/p i/p Integration o/p
System Testing: Presentation + business +Databases
?UAT: user acceptance testing
STLC (SOFTWARE TESTING LIFE CYCLE)
Test Planning:
1. Test Plan is defined as a strategic document which describes the procedure how to perform various testing on the total application in the most efficient way.
2. This document involves the scope of testing,
3. Objective of testing,
4. Areas that need to be tested,
5. Areas that should not be tested,
6. Scheduling Resource Planning,
7. Areas to be automated, various testing tools
Used….
Test Development: 1. Test case Development (check list)
2. Test Procedure preparation. (Description on the test cases)
Test Execution: 1. Implementation of test cases. Observing the result.
Result Analysis: 1. Expected value: is nothing but expected behavior
Of application.
2. Actual value: is nothing but actual behavior of
Application
Bug Tracing: Collect all the failed cases, prepare documents.
Reporting: Prepare document (status of the application)
Types of Testing:
1. Regression Testing: is one of the best and important testing. Regression testing is the process in which the functionality, which is already tested before, is once again tested whenever some new change is added in order to check whether the existing functionality remains same.
2. Re-Testing: is the process in which testing is performed on some functionality which is already tested before to make sure that the defects are reproducible and to rule out the environments issues if at all any defects are there.
3. Static Testing: is the testing, which is performed on an application when it is not been executed.ex: GUI, Document Testing
4. Dynamic Testing: is the testing which is performed on an application when it is being executed.ex: Functional testing.
5. Alpha Testing: it is a type of user acceptance testing, which is conducted on an application when it is just before released to the customer.
6. Beta-Testing: it is a type of UAT that is conducted on an application when it is released to the customer, when deployed in to the real time environment and being accessed by the real time users.
7. Installation Testing: it is the process of testing in which the tester try to install or try to deploy the module into the corresponding environment by following the guidelines produced in the deployment document and check whether the installation is successful or not.
8. Adhoc Testing: Adhoc Testing is the process of testing in which unlike the formal testing where in test case document is used, with out that test case document testing can be done of an application, to cover that testing of the future which are not covered in that test case document. Also it is intended to perform GUI testing which may involve the cosmetic issues.
5. Technical notes
Object Oriented Programming and Java
Object-oriented Programming was developed because of limitations found in earlier approaches of programming. To appreciate what OOP does, we need to understand what these limitations are and how they arose from traditional programming.
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
Pascal, C, Basic, FORTRAN, and similar languages are procedural languages. That is, each statement in the language tells the computer to do something: Get some input, add these numbers divide by 6, and display the output. A program in a procedural language is a list of instructions.
For very small programs no other organizing principle (often called a paradigm) is needed. The programmer creates the list of instructions, and the computer carries them out.
Division into Functions
When programs become larger, a single list of instructions becomes unwieldy. Few programmers can comprehend a program of more than a few hundred statements unless it is broken down into smaller units. For this reason the function was adopted as a way to make programs more comprehensible to their human creators. (The term function is used in C++ and C. In other languages the same concept may be referred to as a subroutine, a subprogram, or a procedure.) A program is divided into functions, and (ideally, at least) each function has a clearly defined purpose and a clearly defined interface to the other functions in the program.
The idea of breaking a program into functions can be further extended by grouping a number of functions together into a larger entity called a module, but the principle is similar: grouping a number of components that carry out specific tasks.
Dividing a program into functions and modules is one of the cornerstones of structured programming, the somewhat loosely defined discipline that has influenced programming organization for more than a decade.
Problems with Structured Programming
As programs grow ever larger and more complex, even the structured programming approach begins to show signs of strain. You may have heard about, or been involved in, horror stories of program development. The project is too complex, the schedule slips, more programmers are added, complexity increases, costs skyrocket, the schedule slips further, and disaster ensues. Analyzing the reasons for these failures reveals that there are weaknesses in the procedural paradigm itself. No matter how well the structured programming approach is implemented, large programs become excessively complex. What are the reasons for this failure of procedural languages? One of the most crucial is the role played by data.
Data Undervalued
In a procedural language, the emphasis is on doing things--read the keyboard, invert the vector, check for errors, and so on. The subdivision of a program into functions continues this emphasis. Functions do things just as single program statements do. What they do may be more complex or abstract, but the emphasis is still on the action.
What happens to the data in this paradigm? Data is, after all, the reason for a program's existence. The important part of an inventory program isn't a function that displays the data, or a function that checks for correct input; it's the inventory data itself. Yet data is given second-class status in the organization of procedural languages.
For example, in an inventory program, the data that makes up the inventory is probably read from a disk file into memory, where it is treated as a global variable. By global we mean that the variables that constitute the data are declared outside of any function, so they are accessible to all functions. These functions perform various operations on the data. They read it, analyze it, update it, rearrange it, display it, and write it back to the disk, and so on.
We should note that most languages, such as Pascal and C, also support local variables, which are hidden within a single function. But local variables are not useful for important data that must be accessed by many different functions.
Now suppose a new programmer is hired to write a function to analyze this inventory data in a certain way. Unfamiliar with the subtleties of the program, the programmer creates a function that accidentally corrupts the. This is easy to do, because every function has complete access to the data. It's like leaving your personal papers in the lobby of your apartment building: Anyone can change or destroy them. In the same way, global data can be corrupted by functions that have no business changing it.
Another problem is that, since many functions access the same data, the way the data is stored becomes critical. The arrangement of the data can't be changed without modifying all the functions that access it. If you add new data items, for example, you'll need to modify all the functions that access the data so that they can also access these new items. It will be hard to find all such functions, and even harder to modify all of them correctly. It's similar to what happens when your local supermarket moves the bread from aisle 4 to aisle 12. Everyone who patronizes the supermarket must figure out where the bread has gone, and adjust their shopping habits accordingly. What is needed is a way to restrict access to the data, to hide it from all but a few critical functions. This will protect the data, simplify maintenance, and offer other benefits as well.
Relationship to the Real World
Procedural programs are often difficult to design. The problem is that their chief components--functions and data structures--don't model the real world very well. For example, suppose you are writing a program to create the elements of a graphics user interface: menus, windows, and so on. Quick now, what functions will you need? What data structures? The answers are not obvious, to say the least. It would be better if windows and menus corresponded more closely to actual program elements.
New Data Types
There are other problems with traditional languages. One is the difficulty of creating new data types. Computer languages typically have several built-in data types: integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and so on. What if you want to invent your own data type? Perhaps you want to work with complex numbers, or two dimensional coordinates, or dates—quantities the built-in data types don’t handle easily. Being able to create your own types is called extensibility; you can extend the capabilities of the language. Traditional languages are not usually extensible. Without unnatural convolutions, you can’t bundle together both X and Y coordinates into a single variable called Point, and then add and subtract values of this type. The result is that traditional programs are more complex to write and maintain.
The object oriented approach
The fundamental idea behind object-oriented languages is to combine into a single unit both data and the functions that operate on that data. Such a unit is called an object. An object’s functions, called member methods in Java, typically provide the only way to access its data. If you want to read the item and return the value to you, you call a member function in the object. It will read the item and return the value to you. You can’t access the data directly. The data is hidden, so it is safe from accidental modification. Data and its functions are said to be encapsulated into a single entity. Data encapsulation and data hiding are key terms in the description of object oriented languages.
If you want to modify the data in an object, you know exactly what functions interact with it: the member functions in the object. No other functions can access the data. This simplifies writing, debugging, and maintaining the program.
A Java program typically consists of a number of objects, which communicate with each other by calling one another’s members functions. We should mention that what are called member functions in C++ are called methods in Java. Also, data items are referred to as instance variables. Calling an object’s member function is referred to as sending a message to the object.
An analogy
You might want to think of objects as departments—such as sales, accounting, personnel, and so on—in a company. Departments provide an important approach to corporate organization. In most companies (except very small ones), people don’t work on personnel problems one day, the payroll the next, and then go out in the field as sales people the week after. Each department has its own personnel, with clearly assigned duties. It also has its own data: payroll, sales figures, personnel records, inventory, or whatever, depending on the department.
The people in each department control and operate on those departments data. Dividing the company into departments makes its easier to comprehend and control the company’s activities, and helps them maintain the integrity of the information used by the company. The payroll department, for instance, is responsible for the payroll data. If you are from the sales department, and you need to know the total of all the salaries paid in the southern region in July, you don’t just walk into the payroll department and start rummaging through file cabinets. You send a memo to the appropriate person in the department, and then you wait for that person to access the appropriate person in the department, and then you wait for that person to access the data and send you a reply with the information you want. This ensures that the data is accessed accurately and that it is not corrupted by inept outsiders. (This view of corporate organization is show in figure). In the same way, objects provide an approach to program organization, while helping to maintain the integrity of the programs data.
OOP: An approach to organization
Keep in mind that object-oriented programming is not primarily concerned with the details of program operation. Instead, it deals with the overall organization of the program.
Characteristics of object-oriented languages:
Let’s briefly examine a few of the major elements of object-oriented languages in general and Java in particular.
Objects
When you approach a programming problem in an object oriented language, you no longer ask how the problem will be divided into functions, but how it will be divided into objects. Thinking in terms of objects, rather than functions, has a surprisingly helpful effect on how easily programs can be designed and objects in the real world.
What kinds of things become objects-oriented programs? The answer to this is limited only by your imagination, but there are some typical categories to start you thinking:
Physical objects
Automobile in a traffic-flow simulation
Electrical components in a circuit design to a program
Countries in an economics model
Aircraft in an air-traffic control system
• Elements of the computer-user environment
o Windows
o Menus
o Graphics objects (lines, rectangles, circles)
o The mouse and the keyboard
• Programming constructs
o Customized arrays
o Stacks
o Linked lists
• Collection of data
o An inventory
o A personnel file
o A dictionary
A table of the latitudes and longitudes of world cities
1. User defined data types
2. Time
3. Angles
4. Complex numbers
5. Points on the plane
6. Components in a computer games
7. Ghosts in maze game
8. Positions in a board game (chess, checkers)
9. Animals in an ecological simulation
10. Opponents and friends in adventure games
The match between programming objects and real-world objects us the happy result of combining data and functions: the resulting objects offer a revolution in program designing, no such close match between programming constructs and the items being modeled exists in a procedural language.
Classes
In OOP we say that objects are members of classes. What does this mean? Let’s look at an analogy. Almost all computer languages have built-in data types. For instance, a data type int, meaning integer is pre-defined in Java. You can declare as many variables of type int as you need in your program:
Int day;
Int count;
Int divisor;
Int answer;
A class serves as a plan, or template. It specifies what data, and what functions will be included in objects of that class. Defining the class doesn’t create any objects, just as the mere existence of a type int doesn’t create any variables.
A class is thus a collection of similar objects. This fits our non technical understanding of the word class, Prince, sting etc., and are members of the class of rock musicians. There is no person called rock musician but specific people with specific names are members of this class if they possess certain characteristics.
Abstraction
An essential element of object-oriented programming is abstraction. Humans manage complexity through abstraction. For example, people do not think of a car as a set of tens of thousands of individual parts. They think of it as a well-defined object with its own unique behavior. This abstraction allows people to use a car to drive to the grocery store without being overwhelmed by the complexity of the parts that form the car. They can ignore the details of how the engine, transmission, and braking systems work. Instead they are free to utilize the object as a whole.
A powerful way to manage abstraction is through the use of hierarchical classifications. This allows you to layer the semantics of complex systems, breaking them into more manageable pieces. From the outside, the car is a single object. Once inside, you see that the car consists of several subsystems: steering, brakes, sound system, seat belts, heating, cellular phone, and so on. In turn, each of these subsystems is made up of more specialized units. For instance, the sound system consists of a radio, a CD player, and/or a tape player. The point is that you manage the complexity of the car (or any other complex system) through the use of hierarchical abstractions.
Hierarchical abstractions of complex systems can also be applied to computer programs. The data from a traditional process-oriented program can be transformed by abstraction into its component objects. A sequence of process steps can become a collection of messages between these objects. Thus, each of each object describes its own unique behavior. You can treat these objects as concrete entities that respond to messages telling them to do something. This is the essence of object-oriented programming.
Object-oriented concepts form the heart of Java just as they form the basis for human understanding. It is important that you understand how these concepts translate into programs. As you will see, object-oriented programming is a powerful and natural paradigm for creating programs that survive the inevitable changes accompanying the life cycle of any major software project, including conception, growth, and aging. For example, once you have a well defined objects and clean, reliable interfaces to those objects, you can gracefully decommission or replace parts of an older system without fear.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates, and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. One way to think about encapsulation is as a protective wrapper that prevents the code and data from being arbitrarily accessed by other code defined outside the wrapper. Access to the code and data inside the wrapper is tightly controlled through a well-defined interface. To relate this to the real world, consider the automatic transmission on an automobile. It encapsulates hundreds of bits of information about your engine, such as how much you are accelerating, the pitch of the surface you are on, and the position of the shift lever. You, as the user, have only one method of affecting this complex encapsulation: by moving the gearshift lever. You can’t affect the transmission by using the turn signal or windshield wipers, for example. Thus, the gearshift lever is a well-defined (indeed, unique) interface to the transmission. Further, what occurs inside the transmission does not affect objects outside the transmission. For example, shifting gears does not turn on the headlights! Because an automatic transmission is encapsulated, dozens of car manufacturers can implement one in any way they please. However, from the driver’s point of view, they all work the same. This same idea can be applied to programming. The power of encapsulated code is that everyone knows how to access it and thus can use it regardless of the implementation details—and without fear of unexpected side effects.
In Java the basis of encapsulation is the class. Although the class will be examined in great detail later in this book, the following brief discussion will be helpful now. A class defines the structure and behavior (data and code) that will be shared by a set of objects. Each object of a given class contains the structure and behavior defined by the class, as if it were stamped out by a mold in the shape of the class. For this reason, objects are sometimes referred to as instances of a class. Thus, a class is a logical construct; an object has physical reality.
When you create a class, you will specify the code and data that constitute that class. Collectively, these elements are called members of the class. Specifically, the data defined by the class are referred to as member variables or instance variables. The code that operates on that data is referred to as member methods or just methods.
Since the purpose of a class is to encapsulate complexity, there are mechanisms for hiding the complexity of the implementation inside the class. Each method or variable in a class may be marked private or public. The public interface of a class represents everything that external users of the class need to know, or may know. The private methods and data can only be accessed by code that is a member of the class. Therefore, any other code that is not a member of the class cannot access a private method or variable. Since the private members of a class may only be accessed by other parts of your program through the class’ public methods, you can ensure that no improper actions take place. Of course, this means that the public interface should be carefully designed not to expose too much of the inner workings of a class.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. This is important because it supports the concept of hierarchical classification. As mentioned earlier, most knowledge is made manageable by hierarchical (that is, top-down) classifications. For example, a Golden Retriever is part of the classification dog, which in turn is part of the mammal class, which is under the larger class animal. Without the use of hierarchies, each object would need to define all of its characteristics explicitly. However, by use of inheritance, an object need only define those qualities that make it unique within its class. It can inherit its general attributes from its parent. Thus, it is the inheritance mechanism that makes it possible for one object to be a specific instance of a more general case.
Most people naturally view the world as made up of objects that are related to each other in a hierarchical way, such as animals, mammals, and dogs. If you wanted to describe animals in an abstract way, you would say they have some attributes, such as size, intelligence, and type of skeletal system. Animals also have certain behavioral aspects; they ear, breathe, and sleep. This description of attributes and behavior is the class definition for animals.
If you wanted to describe a more specific class of animals, such as mammals, they would have more specific attributes, such as type of teeth, and mammary glands. This is known as a subclass of animals, where animals are referred to as mammals’ super class.
Since mammals are simply more precisely specified animals, they inherit all of the attributes from animals. A deeply inherited subclass inherits all of the attributes from each of its ancestors in the class hierarchy.
Inheritance interacts with encapsulation as well. If a given class encapsulates some attributes, then any subclass will have the same attributes plus any that it adds as part of its specialization (see Figure 2-2). This is a key concept, which lets object-oriented programs grow in complexity linearly rather than geometrically. A new subclass inherits all of the attributes of all of its ancestors. It does not have unpredictable interactions with the majority of the rest of the code in the system.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism (from the Greek, meaning “many forms”) is a feature that allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions. The specific action is determined by the exact nature of the situation. Consider a stack (which is a last-in, first-out list). You might have a program that requires three types of stack. One stack is used for integer values, one for floating-point values, and one for characters. The algorithm that implements each stack is the same, even though the data being stored differs. In a non-object-oriented language, you would be required to create three difference sets of stack routines, with each set using different names. However, because of polymorphism, in Java you can specify a general set of stack routines that all share the same names.
More generally, the concept of polymorphism is often expressed by the phrase “one interface, multiple methods.” This means that it is possible to design a generic interface to a group of related activities. This helps reduce complexity by allowing the same interface to be used to specify a general class of action. It is the compiler’s job to select the specific action (that is, method) as it applies to each situation. You, the programmer, do not need to make this selection manually. You need only remember and utilize the general interface.
Extending the dog analogy, a dog’s sense of smell is polymorphic. If the dog smells a cat, it will bark and run after it. If the dog smells its food, it will salivate and run to its bowl. The same sense of smell is at work in both situations. The difference is what is being smelled, that is, the type of data being operated upon by the dog’s nose! This same general concept can be implemented in Java as it applies to methods within a Java program.
Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Inheritance Work Together
When properly applied, polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance combine to produce a programming environment that supports the development of far more robust and scaleable programs than does the process-oriented model. A well-designed hierarchy of classes is the basis for reusing the code in which you have invested time and effort developing and testing. Encapsulation allows you to migrate your implementations over time without breaking the code that depends on the public interface of your classes. Polymorphism allows you to create clean, sensible, readable, and resilient code.
Of the two real-world examples, the automobile more completely illustrates the power of object-oriented design. Dogs are fun to think about from an inheritance standpoint, but cars are more like programs. All drivers rely on inheritance to drive different types (subclasses) of vehicles. Whether the vehicle is a school is a school bus, a Mercedes sedan, a Porsche, or the family minivan, drivers can all more or less find and operate the steering wheel, the brakes, and the accelerator. After a bit of gear grinding, most people can even manage the difference between a stick shift and an automatic, because they fundamentally understand their common super class, the transmission.
People interface with encapsulated features on cars all the time. The brake and gas pedals hide an incredible array of complexity with an interface so simple you can operate them with your feet! The implementation of the engine, the style of brakes, and the size of the tires have no effect on how you interface with the class definition of the pedals.
SCREENS
7. Conclusion
Conclusions and Recommendations:
The entire project has been developed and deployed as per the requirements stated by the user, it is found to be bug free as per the testing standards that are implemented. Any specification-untraced errors will be concentrated in the coming versions, which are planned to be developed in near future. The system at present does not take care off the money payment methods, as the consolidated constructs need SSL standards and are critically to be initiated in the first face; the application of the credit card transactions is applied as a developmental phase in the coming days. The system needs more elaborative technicality for its inception and evolution.
8 Appendix
//PROGRAM FOR IMMIGRATION INFORMATION
Package idgms.enquiry;
Import java.sql.*;
Import java.io.*;
Import java.util.*;
Public class Enquiry implements Serializable
{
Public static Vector getEnquiryids (String query)
{
Vector v=null;
Try
{
v=new Vector ();
Class.forName ("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc: odbc: idgms","idgms","and idgms");
Statement st=con.createStatement ();
ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery (query);
while(rs.next() )
{
v.addElement( rs.getString(1));
}
rs.close();
st.close();
con.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{ e.printStackTrace(); v=null; }
return v;
}
}
// PROGRAM TO CERTIFICATE
package idgms.certificate;
Import java.util.*;
Import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class Certificates implements Serializable
{
public static Hashtable getCertificateId(String qry)
{
Hashtable ht=null;
//System.out.println("Query:"+qry);
try
{
ht=new Hashtable();
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:idgms","idgms","idgms");
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(qry);
while(rs.next())
{
ht.put(rs.getString(1),rs.getString(2));
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{e.printStackTrace();ht=null;}
return ht;
}
}
//PROGRAM FOR SIGNOUT
import javax.servlet.*;
Import javax.servlet.http.*;
Import java.io.*;
public class Signout extends HttpServlet
{
PrintWriter out=null;
HttpSession session=null;
public void service(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)throws ServletException,IOException
{
try
{
session=req.getSession(false);
if(session!=null)
{
session.invalidate();
System.out.println("Login.jsp?msg=Logged Out Successfully");
res.sendRedirect("Login.jsp?msg=Logged Out Successfully");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Login.jsp?msg=Your session is already expired");
res.sendRedirect("Login.jsp?msg=Your session is already expired");
}
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
}
}
// PROGRAM FOR EMPLOYEE REGISTRATION
package idgms.employee;
import java.util.*;
Import java.io.*;
Import java.sql.*;
public class EmployeeID implements Serializable
{
public static Vector getEmployeeIds(String qry)
{
Vector v=null;
//System.out.println("Query:"+qry);
try
{
v=new Vector();
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:idgms","idgms","idgms");
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(qry);
while(rs.next())
{
v.addElement(rs.getString(1));
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{e.printStackTrace();v=null;}
return v;
}
}
9. Bibliography:
References for the Project Development Were Taken From the following Books and Web Sites.
Oracle
PL/SQL Programming by Scott Urman
SQL complete reference by Livion
JAVA Technologies
JAVA Complete Reference
Java Script Programming by Yehuda Shiran
J2EE Professional by Shadab siddiqui
HTML
HTML Black Book by Holzner
JDBC
Java Database Programming with JDBC by Patel moss.
Software Engineering by Roger Pressman
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Responses
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| Author: rambabu 20 May 2008 | Member Level: Silver Points : 2 | you send here a good article.
| | Author: Raghav 23 May 2008 | Member Level: Gold Points : 2 | It is a good article, but activity diagram and sequence diagram and screen shots are not seen. what is the reason
| | Author: m.v. subba raju 23 May 2008 | Member Level: Gold Points : 2 | good article.
| | Author: Vidya 24 May 2008 | Member Level: Diamond Points : 2 | useful information
| | Author: Shyni 31 May 2008 | Member Level: Gold Points : 2 | This is great Information, Thanks for your effort to share it with everyone.
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