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EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE
Posted Date: 22 May 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: Travel & Tourism
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Posted By: TULASI KRISHNA Member Level: Gold
Rating:  Points: 1
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Churches built on a basilican plan and having a sloping roof rather than vaulting (which was not readopted until about the year 1000) form part of the Early Christian architectural tradition. The surviving churches in Rome that most clearly evoke the character of Early Christian architecture are San Clemente (with its 4th-century choir furnishings), Sant’ Agnese Fuori le Mura (rebuilt 630 and later), and Santa Sabina (422-432). While Byzantine architecture developed on the concept called the central church, assembled around a central dome like the Pantheon, the Western or Roman Church—more concerned with congregational participation in the Mass—preferred the Roman basilica. Early models resembled large barns, with stone walls and timber roofs. The central part (nave) of this rectangular structure was supported on columns opening towards single or double flanking aisles of lower height. The difference in roof height permitted high windows, called clerestory windows, in the nave walls; at the end of the nave, opposite the entrance, was placed the altar, backed by a large apse (also borrowed from Rome), in which the officiating clergy were seated.
The Eastern emperor Justinian I was in control of Ravenna during his reign (527-565). Some of the constructions there can be considered Byzantine, as they featured mosaic mural compositions in Byzantine style. Two of Ravenna’s great churches, however—Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo (c. 520) and Sant’ Apollinare in Classe (c. 530-549)—are basilican in plan.
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