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WESTERN AND MIDDLE EASTERN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Posted Date: 22 May 2008 Resource Type: Travel & Tourism Category: General
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Posted By: TULASI KRISHNA Member Level: Gold
Rating:  Points: 1
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A classic example of the early mosque in the western Islamic world is the well-preserved Great Mosque at Al Qayrawan in Tunisia, which was built between 836 and 866.
The oldest mosque in Iraq is at Samarra (847-852). It is now a brick ruin, but its curious cone-shaped minaret with outside spiral ramp survives. The Great Mosque at Córdoba in Spain covers 2.4 hectares (6 acres) and was built in several stages from 786 to 965. It was converted to a Christian cathedral in 1236. Also in Spain is the Alhambra (1354-1391) at Granada, one of the most dazzling examples of Islamic palace architecture; its courts and fountains have delighted visitors ever since its construction.
Over the centuries Islamic architecture borrowed extensively from other cultures. Beginning in 1453, the Ottoman Turks ruled from Constantinople. Sultan Suleiman I (the Magnificent) was a patron of the arts and of architecture. His architect, Sinan, was familiar with Byzantine traditions, and in his mosques he refined and elaborated on the great 6th-century prototype, Hagia Sophia. Sinan’s masterpieces are the Suleimaniye Mosque (begun 1550) in Istanbul and the Selimiye mosque (begun 1569) in Edirne.
Iran is renowned for brick masonry vaulting and for glazed ceramic veneers. The finest examples of Islamic architecture in Iran are found in Esfahan, the former capital. The enormous imperial mosque, the Masjid-i-Jami, represents several construction periods, beginning in the 15th century. Even more richly ornamented is the sumptuous Masjid-i-Shah (1585-1616), built as part of the royal civic compound of Shah Abbas I.
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