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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
I Year B . Tech BT T P C
4+1* 0 8
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
Diversity in biological systems, Cell biology and cell structure, Difference between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. Kingdom systems. Five-kingdom classification General characters, Brief account on Ecology, Morphology, Nutrition, Locomotion and Reproduction, useful and harmful effects of Bacteria, Viruses, Algae, Fungi and Protozoans.
UNIT II: PLANT BIOLOGY
Classification of Plant Kingdom. Concepts of Growth, Meristems. Development of different plant organs; Plant growth regulators; Economic Importance of Plants, Biology of Pests in relation to Rice, Cotton, Sugarcane and Groundnut.
UNIT III: ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Classification of Animal Kingdom, Functions, morphology, growth and Reproduction, economic importance. Phylogeny of Invertebrate & Vertebrate Phyla, Concepts
of Species & Ecosystem. Protozoan Parasites – two important forms in man ( Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica), Helminthes ( Fasciotopsis buski, Taenia solium, Ascaris, Wucharia bancrafti)
UNIT IV: BASIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Genetics: DNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation, Genes to proteins to protein function, Gene expression and regulation, Recombinant DNA technology.
UNIT V: HUMAN BIOLOGY I
Introduction of body as a whole, Cells and Tissue Organization, Electrolytes and Body fluids. Physiology of Blood. Digestive system, Respiratory system and Endocrine system.
UNIT VI: HUMAN BIOLOGY II
Human Physiology: Biological axons and neurons, Neuromuscular and synaptic junctions, Sensory systems - hearing, taste, smell and visual receptors.
UNIT VII: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Bacterial & Plant photosynthesis; oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis; chlorophyll as trapper of solar energy, photosynthetic reaction centres, Hill reaction, PS I & PS II, Photophosphorylation - cyclic & non-cyclic; Dark reaction & CO2 fixation.
UNIT VIII : APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: BASIC CONCEPTS
Drugs and Chemicals from Plants & Animals, Definition and importance (in general) of Biofuels, iofertilizers, Biopesticides, Bioindicators and Biosensors, Microbial Enzymes, Single Cell Protein (SCP), Monoclonal Antibodies, Introduction to Transgenic Plants & Animals.
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