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predefined types in c#
Posted Date: 27 Jul 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: Computer & Technology
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Posted By: sharu Member Level: Gold
Rating:  Points: 2
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Predefined types
C# provides a set of predefined types, most of which will be familiar to C and C++ developers.
The predefined reference types are object and string. The type object is the ultimate base type of all other types.
The predefined value types include signed and unsigned integral types, floating point types, and the types bool, char, and
decimal. The signed integral types are sbyte, short, int, and long; the unsigned integral types are byte, ushort, uint, and ulong;
and the floating point types are float and double.
The bool type is used to represent boolean values: values that are either true or false. The inclusion of bool makes it easier for
developers to write self-documenting code, and also helps eliminate the all-too-common C++ coding error in which a
developer mistakenly uses “=” when “==” should have been used. In C#, the example
int i = ...;
F(i);
if (i = 0) // Bug: the test should be (i == 0)
G();
is invalid because the expression i = 0 is of type int, and if statements require an expression of type bool.
The char type is used to represent Unicode characters. A variable of type char represents a single 16-bit Unicode character.
The decimal type is appropriate for calculations in which rounding errors are unacceptable. Common examples include
financial calculations such as tax computations and currency conversions. The decimal type provides 28 significant digits.
The table below lists each of the predefined types, and provides examples of each.
Type
Description
Examples
object
The ultimate base type of all other types
object o = new Stack();
string
String type; a string is a sequence of Unicode
characters
string s = "Hello";
sbyte
8-bit signed integral type
sbyte val = 12;
short
16-bit signed integral type
short val = 12;
int
32-bit signed integral type
int val = 12;
long
64-bit signed integral type
long val1 = 12;
long val2 = 34L;
byte
8-bit unsigned integral type
byte val1 = 12;
byte val2 = 34U;
ushort
16-bit unsigned integral type
ushort val1 = 12;
ushort val2 = 34U;
uint
32-bit unsigned integral type
uint val1 = 12;
uint val2 = 34U;
ulong
64-bit unsigned integral type
ulong val1 = 12;
ulong val2 = 34U;
ulong val3 = 56L;
ulong val4 = 78UL;
float
Single-precision floating point type
float value = 1.23F;
double
Double-precision floating point type
double val1 = 1.23
double val2 = 4.56D;
bool
Boolean type; a bool value is either true or false
bool value = true;
char
Character type; a char value is a Unicode character
char value = 'h';
decimal
Precise decimal type with 28 significant digits
decimal value = 1.23M;
Each of the predefined types is shorthand for a system-provided type. For example, the keyword int is shorthand for a struct
named System.Int32. The two names can be used interchangeably, though it is considered good style to use the keyword
rather than the complete system type name.
Predefined value types such as int are treated specially in a few ways but are for the most part treated exactly like other
structs. The special treatment that these types receive includes literal support and efficient code generation. C#’s operator
overloading feature enables developers to define types that behave like the predefined value types. For instance, a Digit struct
that supports the same mathematical operations as the predefined integral types, and that conversion to and from these types.
using System;
struct Digit
{...}
class Test
{
static void TestInt() {
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = a + b;
Console.WriteLine(c);
}
static void TestDigit() {
Digit a = (Digit) 1;
Digit b = (Digit) 2;
Digit c = a + b;
Console.WriteLine(c);
}
static void Main() {
TestInt();
TestDigit();
}
}
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