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Rajasthan Vidyapeeth - B.Tech Bio-Technology VI-SEMESTER Syllabus: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY - 1

Posted Date: 12 Aug 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: Syllabus

Posted By: bharath sudar Member Level: Platinum
Rating:

Points: 2

1. AN INTRODUCTION TO FERMENTATION PROCESS
The range of fermentation process
Microbial biomass
Microbial enzymes
Recombinant products
Transformation processes
The chronological development of the fermentation industry
The component parts of a fermentation process
References

2. MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS
Bath culture
Continuous culture
Multistage system
Feedback systems
Comparison of batch and continuous culture in industrial process
Biomass productivity
Metabolite productivity
Continuous brewing
Continuous culture and biomass production
Comparison of batch and continuous culture investigative tools
Fed-batch culture
Variable volume fed-batch culture
Fixed volume fed-batch culture
Cyclic fed-batch culture
Application of fed-batch culture
Examples of the use of fed-batch culture
References

3. THE ISOLATION , PRESERVATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIALLY
IMPORTANT MICRO-ORGANASMS
The isolation of industrially important micro-organisms
Isolation methods utilizing selection of the desired characteristic
Enrichment liquid culture
Enrichment cultures using solidified media
Isolation methods not utilizing election of the desired characteristic
Screening methods
The preservation of industrially important micro-organisms
Storage at reduced temperature
Storage on agar slopes
Storage under liquid nitrogen
Storage in a dehydrated form
Dried cultures
Lyophilization
Quality control of preserved stock cultures
The improvement of industrial micro-organisms
The selection of induced mutants synthesizing improved levels of primary metabolites.
Modification of the permeability.
The isolation of mutants which do not produce feedback inhibitors or repressors
The isolation of induced mutants producing improved yields of secondary metabolites
where directed selection is difficult to apply
The isolation of auxotrophic mutants
The isolation of resistant mutants
Mutants resistant to the analogues of primary metabolic precursors of the secondary metabolites
The isolation of mutants resistant to the toxic effects of the secondary metabolite in the trophophase
The isolation of mutants in which secondary metabolite synthesis gives resistance to toxic compounds
The isolation of revertant mutants
The isolation of revertants of mutant auxotrophic for primary metabolites which may influence the production of a secondary metabolite.
The isolation of revertants of mutants which have lost the ability to produce the secondary metabolite.
The use of recombination systems for the improvement of industrial micro-organisms
The application of the parasexual cycle
The application of protoplast fusion techniques
The application of recombinant DNA techniques
The production of hetrologous proteins
The use of recombinant DNA technology for the improvement of native microbial products
The improvement of industrial strains by modifying properties other than the yield of product
The Selection of stable strains.
The selection of strains resistant to infection
The selection of non-foaming strains.
The selection of strains which are resistant to components in the medium
The selection of morphologically favourable strains
The selection of strains which are tolerant of low oxygen tension
The elimination of undesirable products from a production strain
The development of strains producing new fermentation products
Summary
Reference

4.MEDIA FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION
Introduction
Typical media
Medium formulation
Water
Energy sources
Carbon sources
Factor influencing the choice of carbon source
Example of commonly used carbon sources
Carbohydrates
Oils and fats
Hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Nitrogen sources
Example of commonly used nitrogen sources
Factors influencing the choice of nitrogen source
Minerals
Chelators
Growth factors
Nutrient recycle
Buffers
The addition of precursors and metabolic regulators to media
Precursors
Inhibitors
Inductors
Oxygen requirements
Fast metabolism
Rheology
Antiforms
Medium optimization
Animal cell media
Serum
Serum-free media supplements
Protein-free media
Trace elements
Osmolality
pH
Non-nutritional media supplements
References.

5. STERILIZATION
Introduction
Medium sterilization
The design of batch sterilization processes
Calculation of the Del factor during heating and cooling
Calculation of the holding time at constant temperature
Richards rapid method for the design of sterilization cycles
The scale up of batch sterilization processes
Methods of batch sterilization
The design of continuous sterilization processes
Sterilization of the fermenter
Sterilization of the feeds.
Sterilization of the liquid wastes
Filter sterilization
Filter sterilization of fermentation media
Filter sterilization of air
Sterilization of fermenter exhaust air
The theory of depth filter
The design of depth filters
Reference

6. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INOCULA FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS
Introduction
Basic functions of a fermenter for microbial or animal cell culture
Asceptic operation and containment
Overall containment categorization
Body construction
Construction materials
Temperature control
Aeration and agitation
The agitator (impeller0
Stirrer glands and bearings
The stuffing box (packed-gland scal)
The mechanical seal
Magnetic drives
Baffles
The aeration system (sparger)
Porous sparger
Orifics sparger
Nozzle sparger
Combined sparger-agitator
The achievement and maintenance of asceptic conditions
Sterilization of the fermenter
Sterilization of the air supply
Sterilization of the exhaust gas from a fermenter
The addiction of inoculum, nutrients and other supplements
Sampling
Feed ports
Sensor probes
Foam control
Monitoring and control of various parameters
Valves and steam traps
Gate valves
Globe valves
Piston valves
Needle valves
Plug valves
Ball valves
Butterfly valves
Pinch valves
Diaphragm valves
The most suitable valves
Check valves
Pressure –control valves
Pressure –reduction valves
Pressure –retaining valves
Safety valves
Steam traps
Complete loss of content from a fermenter
Testing new fermenters
Other fermentation vessels
The Waldhof –type fermenter
Acetators and cavitators
The tower fermenter
Cylindro –conical vessels
Air –lift fermenters
The deep –jet fermenter
The cyclone column
The packed tower
` Rotating –disc fermenters
Animal cell culture
Stirred fermenters
Air –lift fermenters
Microcarriers
Encapsulation
Hollow fibre chambers
Hollow fibre chambers
Packed glass bead reactors
Perfusion cultures
References

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