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THERMAL SCIENCE
UNIT – I
Introduction: Basic Concepts: System, Control Volume, Surrounding, Boundaries, Universe, Types of Systems, Macroscopic and Microscopic viewpoints, Concept of Continuum, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, State Property, Process, Cycle – Reversibility – Quasi – static Process, Irreversible Process Work and Heat, Point and Path function.
UNIT II
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics – Concept of quality of Temperature – Principles of Thermometry – Reference Points – Const. Volume gas Thermometer – Scales of Temperature, Ideal Gas Scale – PMM I - Joule’s Experiments – First law of Thermodynamics – Corollaries – First law applied to a Process – applied to a flow system – Steady Flow Energy Equation. Limitations of the First Law
UNIT – III
Second Law of Thermodynamics, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence / Corollaries, PMM of Second kind, Carnot’s principle, Carnot cycle and its specialties, Thermodynamic scale of Temperature, Clausius Inequality, Entropy, Principle of Entropy Increase – Energy Equation, Availability and Irreversibility –Elementary Treatment of the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
UNIT- IV
Power Cycles : Otto, Diesel, Dual Combustion cycles, – Description and representation on P–V and T-S diagram, Thermal Efficiency, Mean Effective Pressures on Air standard basis – comparison with Ideal and Actual Cycles.
UNIT V
Joule and Rankine cycles- Description and representation on P–V and T-S diagram, Thermal Efficiency - Performance , Evaluation – combined cycles
Refrigeration Cycles:
Brayton and Rankine cycles – Performance Evaluation – combined cycles, Bell-
Coleman cycle, Vapour compression cycle-performance Evaluation.
UNIT- VI
I.C. ENGINES:
Classification – Two & Four Stroke Engines , Working principles, Valve and Port Timing Diagrams, - Engine systems. Fuel system: Fuels used , Modes of fuel Admission to engine cylinder, Induction and injection , chemically correct fuel- air ratios. Fuel carburetor, Fuel Injection System, Ignition, Cooling and Lubrication.
UNIT – VII
S.I. Engines – Mixture requirements, Simple carburetor, Limitations, need of auxiliary systems and their working, problems faced in S.I Engine operation. C.I. Engines : Four stages of combustion – Delay period and its importance – Effect of engine variables – Diesel Knock. Fuel pump and Injector , Types of Fuel injection systems and their working, Nozzles, Introduction of cooling, Lubrication and super charging systems.
UNIT VIII
Gas Turbine: Introduction , thermodynamic cycles, schematic Layout ,open, closed and semi closed cycles, Parameters of performance and methods of improving Performance- Inter cooling, Reheating and Regeneration, applications of Gas turbines.
TEXT BOOK :
1. Thermal Engineering / Rajput / Lakshmi Publications
REFERENCES:
1. Thermal Engineering – R.S. Khurmi & J.S.Gupta / S.Chand Pub.
2. Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics – G. Van Wylan & R.E. Sonntag – John Wiley Pub.
3. Engineering Thermodynamics – Jones & Dugan
4. Thermodynamics – An Engineering Approach – Yunus Cengel & Boles /TMH
5. Thermodynamics – J.P.Holman / McGrawHill
6. An introduction to Thermodynamics / YVC Rao / New Age
For more details, visit http://jntu.ac.in/dap/syl.html
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