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about ram setu problem
Posted Date: 11 Dec 2007 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: General
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Posted By: vijay Member Level: Gold
Rating:  Points: 5
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Adam's Bridge, also known as Rama Setu[1] meaning "Rama's Bridge", is a chain of limestone shoals, between the islands of Mannar, near northwestern Sri Lanka, and Rameswaram, off the southeastern coast of India. Hindus believe that this bridge was built by Rama incarnation of Lord Vishnu to rescue his consort Sita who was abducted to Lanka by Ravana, as mentioned in the Ramayana. Many historical inscriptions, coins, old travel guides, old dictionary references, old religious maps indicate that this structure is considered sacred by Hindus.[2][3] Geological evidence indicates that this bridge acted as former land connection between India and Sri Lanka.[4]
The bridge is 30 miles (48 km) long and separates the Gulf of Mannar (southwest) from the Palk Strait (northeast). Some of the sandbanks are dry and the sea in the area is very shallow, being only 3 ft to 30 ft (1 m to 10 m) deep in places, which hinders navigation.[4] There are controversies about whether this structure is natural or manmade. Few scientists have claimed that this structure is natural one whereas others including former Geological survey of India director S.Badrinaryanan claims that this structure is man made. The Madras high court, the highest court of law in Tamil Nadu (the state where this bridge lies) has said that this bridge is man-made.[5][6]
In 2001, the Government of India approved a controversial multi-million dollar Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project that aims to create a ship channel across the Palk Strait by dredging through a portion of this causeway. Some organizations oppose this project using current alignment based on religious, economic and environmental grounds and suggest implementation of the same through one of the 5 alternative alignments considered earlier[7][8] without damaging this structure.
The name Rama's Bridge or Rama Setu (Sanskrit; setu: bridge) for the shoal of islands derives from the Sanskrit epic Ramayana (written versions dated from 500 BCE to 100 BCE), in which a bridge from Rameswaram was built by allies of Rama that he used to reach Lanka and rescue his abducted consort Sita from the asura king, Ravana.[9] The sea separating India and Sri Lanka is called Sethusamudram "Sea of the Bridge". Maps prepared by Netherland cartographer during 1747 which is available in Tanjore Saraswathi mahal library shows this area as Ramancoil, a colloquial form of the Tamil Raman Kovil (Rama's Temple). Another map of Mogul India prepared by J.Rennel in 1788 retrieved from same library gives indications that this area would have been called as Rama Temple or Ramar Bridge. Many other maps in Schwartzberg's historical atlas and other sources call this area with various names like Koti, Sethubandha, Sethubandha Rameswaram etc. All these names are connected with names in Hindu scriptures.[10] Valmiki Ramayan calls this bridge built by Lord Rama as Setu Bandhanam in verse 2-22-76[11]. The earliest map that calls this area as Adam's bridge was prepared by British cartographer in 1804.[12] Various travel guides, books, dictionary prepared during the 18th and 19th centuries, including translations of Marco Polo's account of his travels, call this area as Setabund Rameswara or Ramar Bridge.[13]
The name first appears in the 11th century, mentioned by Alberuni; Ibn Khordadbeh in his Book of Roads and Kingdoms (ca. 850 AD) calls it Set Bandhai or "Bridge of the Sea".[14]
According to V. Ram Mohan of the Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Studies of the University of Madras "reconstruction of the geological evolution of the island chain is a challenging task and has to be carried out based on circumstantial evidence".[15] The lack of original evidence explains much of the uncertainties regarding the nature and of Adam's Bridge, which consists of a series of parallel ledges of sandstone and conglomeration, that is hard at the surface and grows coarse and soft as it descends to sandy banks. Considerable diversity of opinion and confusion exists about the nature and origin of this structure. In the 19th century, there were two prevalent theories explaining the structure. One considered it to be formed by a process of accretion and rising of the land, while the other surmised that it was formed by the breaking away of Sri Lanka from the Indian subcontinent.[16] The friable calcerous ridges are broken into large rectangular blocks, which perhaps gave rise to the belief that the causeway is an artificial construction.
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