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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » Syllabus »
Osmania University - M.Sc Botany- 2 -(T)(P) Paper – II (Theory Gymnosperms (Living and Fossil) and
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Paper – II (Theory Gymnosperms (Living and Fossil) and Embryology
Gymnosperms
Unit – I
1. Distribution of Gymnosperms - Past and present.
2. Classification of Gymnosperms – Proposed by Sporne and Pant.
3. Economic importance of Gymnoperms
4. Wood anatomy of Conifers
Unit – II
5. A general account of Gymnosperms with reference to their vegetative morphology and anatomy of the following taxa
a). Cycadales (Cycas, Zamia)
b). Ginkgoales (Ginkgo)
c). Coniferales (Araucaria, Podocarpus, Cupressus and Cedrus)
d) Taxales (Taxus)
a) Gnetales (Ephedra, Welwitschia)
6.Structure of male and female cones in the following:
a) Cycadales
b) Ginkoales
c) Coniferales
d) Taxales
e) Gnetales
Unit – III
6. Development and trends of evolution of male gametophyte in Gymnosperms
7. Structure of Ovule and development of female gametophyte.
8. Embryogeny in Gymnosperms
9. General Account of:
a). Pteridospermales
b). Cordaitales
c). Pentoxylales
Embryology Reference:
Gymnosperm:
1. Chamberlain, C.J. Gymnosperms: Structure and evolution
2. Sporne K. R: The Morphology of Gymnosperms.
3. Vashistha, P.C. 1978: Gymnosperms.
4. Foster & Gifford. Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants
5. Delevoryas, T.1963. Morphology and evolution of Fossil Plants
6. Arnold C.W. introduction to Paleobotany
7. Shukla & Mishra: Essentials of Paleobotany
8. Steward, W.N. 1988: Paleobotany & Evolution of plants
9. Sergeiv, Moyen: Fundamentlis of Paleobotany – 1098
10. Taylor, T.N. 1981. Introduction to Fossil
11. Introduction to embryology
12. Fertilization: Pollen stigma interaction, Pollen germination, Pollen tube growth
and Pollen germination, Pollen tube growth and Pollen tube discharge,
mechanism of nuclear fusion.
13. Breeding systems:
a.Introduction b.factors recombination in plants c.Self-incompatibility
d.Incompatibility mechanism; Multigenic system, Heterostyly, protandry and prodogyny; unisexuality and dioecism e.Establishment of in breeding
f.Advantages of self – incompatibility.g.Biological significance of incompatibility and methods to overcome them.
14. Apomixis: a). Causes of Apomixis b). Diplospory c). Apospory d). Causes of
Apomixis e). Significances of Apomixis.
15. Parthenocarpy: Genetical parthenocarphy, Environmental parthenocarpy,
Chemically induced parthenocarpy.
16. A brief account of experimental embryology
17. Embryology in relation to taxonomy.
For more details, visit http://osmania.ac.in
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