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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » Education »
Different Types of Energy Band In An Atom Of Solid.
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This post is further extension of previous post"Understand The Atomic Structure Through Bhor's Atomic Model.".Here you will find the information about energy band of an atom.
In case of single isolated atom,the electrons any orbit posses definite energy.However,an atom in a solid is greatly influenced by the closely-packed
neighbouring atoms,that's why the electron in any orbit of such an atom can have arrange of energies rather than the single energy.So,the range of energies
is known as "Energy Band".In other word we may say that,"The range of energies possessed by an electron in a solid is known as energy band".
When the atom in a solid,the electron in any orbit can have a range of energies.For instance,electron in the first orbit have slightly different energies because no two electrons in this orbit see exactly the same charge environment.Since,there are millions of first orbit electrons,the slightly different energy level forms a band,called first energy band.Similarly,second orbit electrons form second energy band and so on.Below are the important energy bands in solid.
01)Valence Band:-
The range of energies (Band) possessed by the valence electrons is known as valence band.The electron in the out most orbit of an atom are known as
valence electrons.In a normal atom,valence band has the electrons of highest energy.This band may be completely or partially filled.For example,in case of
inert gases,the valence band is full where as for other materials,it is only partially filled and accommodate more electrons.
02)Conduction Band:-
In certain materials,the valence electrons are loosely attached to the nucleus.Even at room temperature,some of the valence electrons may be detached to become free electrons and which are responsible for conduction of current in a conductor.Because of this,these free electrons are called as conduction
electrons.The range of energies (Band) possessed by conduction band electrons is known as conduction band.All electrons in conduction band are free
electrons.If a substance has empty conduction band,it means current conduction is not possible in that substance.For example,Insulators.
03)Forbidden Energy Gap:-
The separation between conduction band and valence band on energy level diagram is known as forbidden energy gap as there is no allowed energy state
in this region.The greater the energy gap,more tightly the valence electrons are bound to the nucleus.We can push an electron from valence band to
conduction band by supplying the extra energy equal to the forbidden energy gap.
I hope,this information will help you in electronics field.Classification of solid and energy band will be cover in next post.
For more details, visit http://elctronicsengineering.blogspot.com/
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