Unit 1 : Interference and electron Optics
Interference:- Interference of waves, Interference due to thin films of uniform (with derivation) and non-uniform thickness (without derivation), Fringe width, qualitative discussion of colour formation in thin films; Newton’s Rings, Applications of Newton’s Rings for determination of (i) wavelength of
incident light / radius of curvature of Plano convex lens (ii) refractive index of a given liquid; Michelson’s interferometer, applications for determination of (i) wavelength of a monochromatic source (ii) refractive index /thickness of a transparent material; Engineering applications of interference (i) Testing of optical flatness of surfaces (ii) Nonreflecting / Antireflection coatings. Scientific applications-
Natural phenomena e.g.; colours on reflection from peacock feather,etc.Electron Optics :- Motion of an electron in electric (parallel, perpendicular and crossed) and magnetic (extensive, limited) fields; specific charge of an electron, e/m of an electron by Thomson’s method,Electrostatic and magneto static focusing, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Scanning tunneling
microscope (STM) – (diagram, construction, working and uses); Bainbridge mass spectrograph.
Unit 2 : Diffraction and ultrasonics
Diffraction : - Diffraction of waves, classes of diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit(geometrical method), conditions for maxima and minima, Intensity pattern due to a single slit, Discuss dependence of spectrum on width, colour formation in CD’s, wavelength etc, Diffraction at a circular
aperture (results only); Diffraction due to two slits and hence N slits discuss qualitatively) Plane diffraction grating, Resultant amplitude and intensity by geometrical method, conditions for principal maxima and minima, intensity pattern; Resolving power, Resolving power of a grating.
Ultrasonics :- Ultrasonic waves, Piezo-electric effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by Piezoelectric oscillator, Magnetostrictive effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by magnetostrictive oscillator, Detection of ultrasonic waves, properties of ultrasonic waves, Applications of ultrasonic waves (i)Scientific- Echo sounding, Sound signaling, depth sounding, SONAR, cleaning of dirt etc (ii)Engineering –thickness measurement, cavitation, Ultrasonic cleaning, Nondestructive testing, Flaw detection, Determination of velocity by ultrasonic interferometer, soldering, drilling welding (iii)Medical- for diagnostics and treatment (iv) Chemical-Ultrasonic mixing, coagulation, crystallization, rate of a reaction (iv) Biological
Unit 3: Polarisation and nuclear physics
Polarisation :- Introduction, production of plane polarised light by refraction (pile of plates), Law of Malus, Double refraction, Huygen’s theory of double refraction, Cases of double refraction of crystal cut with the optic axis lying in the plane of incidence and (i) parallel to the surface (ii) perpendicular to the surface (iii) inclined to the surface, Retardation plates-quarter wave late (QWP), Half wave plate (HWP); Analytical treatment of light, Production of circularly and elliptically polarised light, Detection of various types of light (PPL, CPL, EPL, Upl, Par PL), Analysis of light ;Optical activity, specific rotation, Fresnel’s theory of optical rotation, Laurent’s half shade polarimeter, determination of strength of sugar solution; Applications of polarised light-LCD, Natural phenomenon ( red sunset, blue of the sky), Polaroids
Nuclear Physics :- Nuclear fission in natural Uranium-Chain reaction, Critical size. Nuclear fuels, Nuclear fusion, and thermonuclear reactions-P-P and CN cycles, Controlled fusion reaction (ignition temperature, Lawson criterion, Magnetic and inertial confinement- only qualitatively); Particle accelerators-cyclotron, betatron.
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