Eye signs in thyroid disease

Eye involvement in thyroid disease is called as “ Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy” (TAO). This can happen in both - Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball) occurs in Graves' disease.

Eye appears more prominent. This can give a frightening appearance. Mucopolysaccharides in orbit get affected and this causes bulging of eye. If this occurs in a young lady, it creates a cosmetic problem. This can lead to following problems

1. Dryness of eye due to exposure – In such a situation, lubricant eye drops do help.

2. Reduced motility of eye muscles. Absence of movement of the eye is also seen due to a neurological disorder. Forced duction test helps in distinguishing whether restriction is due to mechanical restriction or a neurological disorder.

3. Patient may have a staring look.

4. Lid lag may be seen. This means the lid doesn’t follow the eyeball and lags behind

5. Lid retraction may be seen.

6. Eye muscles get swollen and can put pressure on optic nerve. Such patients can develop visual loss, optic disc cupping.

Continuous research is ongoing and cause of Graves' disease may be some autoimmune pathology. That means body's own protective system is not functioning properly.

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Hyperthyroidism

hypothyroidism

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