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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » General »
Types of Salinity in Ground Water
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Salinity in groundwater can be broadly divided into two types:
1) Coastal salinity.
2) Inland salinity.
Coastal salinity:
Coastal salinity, as the name suggests is predominant mainly in the coastal regions of the country. It is caused due to the ingress of sea water into ground water reservoirs. It is predominantly a natural phenomenon, very common in areas where estuaries are present and where sea and surface water mix. In high tide, some sea water moves upstream and this water gets contaminated. If some of this water percolates down to groundwater reservoirs, contamination can occur. However, over-extraction of groundwater can exacerbate this problem as more sea water collects in the aquifers with their boundaries close to or in contact with sea water and concentration of salt goes up with the loss of fresh water. Also, depending on the region, in Chennai for instance, aquifers with freshwater and seawater are found on different levels. When freshwater is overexploited, it disturbs the delicate balance and can cause mixing of the two. Coastal salinity is predominant in Minjur in Tamil Nadu, due to overexploitation (especially considering its proximity to Chennai).Coastal salinity is also prevalent along the Saurashtra coast, in the region around Subarnrekha, Salandi and Brahamani in Orissa and in Pondicherry. (Press Release, GOI)
Inland salinity:
As the name suggests, inland salinity is not caused by the ingress of saline sea water. It is in fact mainly caused by man’s actions. Inland salinity is caused by a number of factors. One of the most common is when forests or other deep root plants are cleared to make way for plants with shorter roots, typically crops. The short rooted plants use up less water, and more water percolates downward. This causes the water table to rise and so ironically causes the water to go saline due to contact with sources of salts, such as rock, saline soil etc as well as due to a much greater rate of evaporation near the surface. A similar situation arises when surface water is used inappropriately .Water logging of fields causes a similar effect, especially in arid or semi-arid areas where the rate of evaporation is quite high. Inland salinity can also be caused by the leaching of certain fertilizers and industrial effluents. In India, inland salinity occurs in Rajasthan, Gujarat (both states are quite arid), Haryana, Maharashtra , Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar , Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and in the interior areas of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
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Responses
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| Author: suresh 01 Nov 2009 | Member Level: Silver Points : 2 | salinity is of two types coastal sanity and inland sanity.
Coastal salinity, as the name suggests is predominant in the coastal regions of the country. It is caused due to the ingress of sea water into ground water reservoirs.
It is in fact mainly caused by man’s actions.
Inland salinity is caused by a number of factors. One of the most common is when forests or other deep root plants are cleared to make way for plants with shorter roots, typically crops. The short rooted plants use up less water, and more water percolates downward. This causes the water table to rise and so ironically causes the water to go saline due to contact with sources of salts, such as rock, saline soil etc as well as due to a much greater rate of evaporation near the surface. A s
| | Author: Indira 02 Nov 2009 | Member Level: Silver Points : 1 | Hi,
It is very useful information you posted here. We have to take steps to protect everything in our nature. Alteast we create awareness about that. Try to do that.... handsoff...
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