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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » Health »
Injection
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Injection
Injection are parental therapy.It means giving of therapeutic agents including food outside the alimentary tract.In other words,it is the forcing of a fluid inside a cavity,a blood vessels or body tissue through a hallow tube or needle.
TYPES OF INJECTIONS:
Intradermal:Medicines when introduced into the dermis,it is called intradermal injection.
Hypodermal or Subcutaneous injection:Medicines when introduced into the subcutaneous tissue or areolar tissue,it is called hypodermic injection.
Intramuscular injection:Medicines when injected into the muscles it is called intramuscular injection.
Intravenous injection:Medicines and fluids when introduced into vein,it is called intravenous injection and when introduced in arteries,it is called intraarterial injection.
Intraspinal injection:Medicines when introduced into the spinal cavity,it is called intraspinal injection.
Intraosseous injection:When drugs or fluids introduced into the bone marrow,it is called intra osseous injection.
Intraperitoneal injection:Medicines when introduced into the peritoneal cavity,it is called intraperitoneal injection.
Infusions:When a large quantity of medicines or fluids are to be introduced into the body,it is called infusions.
Venesection or cut down:Opening a vein and introducing a tube bore needle and introducing medicines and fluids or taking out blood is called venepuncture or venesection.This is done in emergencies.
Transfusions:it is the introduction of whole blood or plasma into a vein or artery to supply actual volume of blood or to introduce constituents as clotting factors or antibodies which are deficiencies in the patient.
Hypospray:The hpospary,permits drug to be spraed through the skin without a needle.Prtessure of about 125 pounds is created in a device,which forces the drug into the tissues without pain and without a visible mark.
PURPOSE OF INJECTION:
1.To get a rapid and systematic effect of the drug.Drugs given by mouth take time for its absorption,hence comes the delay.
2.To provide the needed effect even when the patient is unconscious,unable to swallow due to neurological or surgical alternation affecting the throat and mouth or when the patient is un-co-operative.
3.Assure that the total dosage will be administrated and the same will be absorbed for the systematic action of the drug.When taken by mouth the absorption may not be complete due to many reasons.
4.Provides the on means of administration for medications that cannot be given orally.
5.To obtain a local effect at the sight of the injection.Local anaesthetics as xylocaine and novocaine.
6.To resolve blood volume by replacing the fluid in shock conditions.
7.To give nourishment when it cannot be taken by patient's.
FACTORS THAT FAVOUR ABSORPTION:
1.Blood supply to the area:Fluids injected into the body will act quicker than any other methods used.There are deposited in an area where there is abundant blood supply,they are more quickly absorbed than the fluids deposited in an area less blood supply.
2.The composition of the fluid injected:The fluid that are isotonic or nearly isotonic with blood are most easily absorbed.
3.Application of heat: Heat dilates the blood vessels and the dilated capillaries become more permeable and their capacity for absorption is greatly increased.
4.Massage: Massage stimulates the local blood supply and increase the rates of absorption.
5.Circulation time of blood:Absorption of medicines and fluids injected to the body will be diminished in a person who has venous congestion,or who has neurogenic,cardiogenic or vasogenic.
6.Physical conditions:The local disease conditions of the skin and underlying tissue such as lesions,inflammations,excoriations,indurations,delays the absorption of the drug.
7.Addition of the substances that tends to breakdown the natural resistance of the tissue can increase the rate of absorption.
COMPLICATIONS OF INJECTIONS:
1.Allergic reactions:certain drug such as pencillin,sera can produce allergic reactions in the patient.It can be prevented b a test dose.
2.Infections: Infections may be introduced through the careless handling and improper sterilization of syringes,needles and the fluids used for injection.It can lead to abscess formation and sloughing of the tissue.
3.Pyrogenic reactions:The patients getting intravenous fluids may develop fever due to the pyrogens present in the fluids.
4.Tissue trauma: Repeated injection on the same spot can lead to induration of the skin,scar formation.
5.Psychic trauma especially in children.
6.Pain.
7.Accidental intravascular injection.
8.Foot drop,persistent paralysis of the limbs due to severe injury.
9.Air embolism due to introduction of air into the blood vessels.
10.Overdose and underdose of the medications.
11.Errors in the administration of medicines.
12.Circulatory overload when large quantities of fluids are introduced into the body within short time.
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