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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners 2000-1901
Posted Date: 15 Feb 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: General
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Posted By: SajithkumarS Member Level: Diamond
Rating:  Points: 5
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2000
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ARVID CARLSSON,
PAUL GREENGARD
and ERIC KANDEL
Signal transduction in the nervous system
1999
The prize was awarded to
DISCOVERIES
GÜNTER BLOBEL for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
1998
The prize was awarded jointly to DISCOVERIES
ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT, LOUIS J. IGNARRO
and FERID MURAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
1997
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection
1996
The prize was awarded jointly to DISCOVERIES
PETER C. DOHERTY
and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
1995
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
EDWARD B. LEWIS,
CHRISTIANE NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD
and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
1994
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ALFRED G. GILMAN
and MARTIN RODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
1993
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
RICHARD J. ROBERTS
and PHILLIP A. SHARP for their independent discoveries of split genes.
1992
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
EDMOND H. FISCHER
and EDWIN G. KREBS
for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism
1991
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ERWIN NEHER
and BERT SAKMANN
for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.
1990
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
JOSEPH E. MURRAY
and E. DONNALL THOMAS
for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease
1989
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
J. MICHAEL BISHOP
and HAROLD E. VARMUS
for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
1988
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR JAMES W. BLACK ,
GERTRUDE B. ELION
and GEORGE H. HITCHINGS
for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.
1987
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
SUSUMU TONEGAWA for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.
1986
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
STANLEY COHEN
and RITA LEVI-MONTALCINI
for their discoveries of growth factors.
1985
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
MICHAEL S. BROWN
and JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN
for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
1984
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
NIELS K. JERNE ,
GEORGES J.F. KÖHLER
and CÉSAR MILSTEIN
for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
1983
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
BARBARA MC CLINTOCK for her discovery of mobile genetic elements.
1982
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SUNE K. BERGSTRÖM ,
BENGT I. SAMUELSSON
and SIR JOHN R. VANE for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.
1981
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
DISCOVERIES
ROGER W. SPERRY for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres.
and the other half awarded jointly to
DAVID H. HUBEL and
TORSTEN N. WIESEL for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.
1980
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
BARUJ BENACERRAF ,
JEAN DAUSSET
and GEORGE D. SNELL
for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.
1979
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ALAN M. CORMACK and
SIR GODFREY N. HOUNSFIELD
for the development of computer assisted tomography.
1978
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
WERNER ARBER ,
DANIEL NATHANS
and HAMILTON O. SMITH
for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics.
1977
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ROGER GUILLEMIN and
ANDREW V. SCHALLY
for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain
and the other half awarded to:
ROSALYN YALOW for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
1976
The prize was awarded jointly to:
DISCOVERIES
BARUCH S. BLUMBERG
and D. CARLETON GAJDUSEK for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases.
1975
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
DAVID BALTIMORE ,
RENATO DULBECCO and
HOWARD MARTIN TEMIN for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.
1974
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ALBERT CLAUDE ,
CHRISTIAN DE DUVE
and GEORGE E. PALADE
for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.
1973
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
KARL VON FRISCH ,
KONRAD LORENZ and
NIKOLAAS TINBERGEN for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns.
1972
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
GERALD M. EDELMAN
and RODNEY R. PORTER
for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.
1971
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
EARL W. JR. SUTHERLAND for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones.
1970
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR BERNARD KATZ ,
ULF VON EULER
and JULIUS AXELROD
for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.
1969
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
MAX DELBRÜCK ,
ALFRED D. HERSHEY
and SALVADOR E. LURIA
for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the gentic structure of viruses.
1968
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ROBERT W. HOLLEY ,
HAR GOBIND KHORANA and
MARSHALL W. NIRENBERG
for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
1967
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
RAGNAR GRANIT ,
HALDAN KEFFER HARTLINE
and GEORGE WALD
for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.
1966
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: DISCOVERIES
PEYTON ROUS for his discovery of tumorinducing viruses
and the other half to:
CHARLES BRENTON HUGGINS for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
1965
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
FRANÇOIS JACOB ,
ANDRÉ LWOFF and
JACOUES MONOD
for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.
1964
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
KONRAD BLOCH
and FEODOR LYNEN
for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.
1963
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR JOHN CAREW ECCLES ,
SIR ALAN LLOYD HODGKIN and
SIR ANDREW FIELDING HUXLEY
for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.
1962
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON CRICK ,
JAMES DEWEY WATSON and
MAURICE HUGH FREDERICK WILKINS for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.
1961
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
GEORG VON BÉKÉSY for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea.
1960
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR FRANK MACFARLANE BURNET
and SIR PETER BRIAN MEDAWAR
for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.
1959
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SEVERO OCHOA and
ARTHUR KORNBERG
for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxiribonucleic acid.
1958
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
GEORGE WELLS BEADLE and
EDWARD LAWRIE TATUM
for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events
and the other half to:
JOSHUA LEDERBERG for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.
1957
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
DANIEL BOVET for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles.
1956
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ANDRÉ FRÉDÉRIC COURNAND ,
W ERNER FORSSMANN and
DICKINSON W. RICHARDS
for their discoveries concerning heart catherization and pathological changes in the circulatory system.
1955
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
AXEL HUGO THEODOR THEORELL for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes.
1954
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
JOHN FRANKLIN ENDERS ,
THOMAS HUCKLE WELLER and
FREDERICK CHAPMAN ROBBINS
for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.
1953
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: DISCOVERIES
SIR HANS ADOLF KREBS for his discovery of the citric acid cycle
and the other half to:
FRITZ ALBERT LIPMANN for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism.
1952
The prize was awarded to
SELMAN ABRAHAM WAKSMAN for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.
1951
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
MAX THEILER for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it.
1950
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
EDWARD CALVIN KENDALL ,
TADEUS REICHSTEIN and
PHILIP SHOWALTER HENCH
for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects.
1949
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: DISCOVERIES
WALTER RUDOLF HESS for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs
and the other half to:
ANTONIO CAETANO DE ABREU FREIRE EGAS MONIZ for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses.
1948
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
PAUL HERMANN MÜLLER for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arth ropods.
1947
The prize was divided, one half awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
CARL FERDINAND CORI and
GERTY THERESA CORI née RADNITZ
for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen
the other half awarded to:
BERNARDO ALBERTO HOUSSAY for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar.
1946
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
HERMANN JOSEPH MULLER for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation
1945
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING ,
SIR ERNST BORIS CHAIN and
LORD HOWARD WALTER FLOREY for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.
1944
The prize was awarded jointly to DISCOVERIES
JOSEPH ERLANGER and
HERBERT SPENCER GASSER
for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres.
1943
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: DISCOVERIES
HENRIK CARL PETER DAM for his discovery of vitamin K.
and the other half to:
EDWARD ADELBERT DOISY for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin
1942-1940
The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section
1939
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
GERHARD DOMAGK for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil. (Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award, but later received the diploma and the medal.)
1938
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
CORNEILLE JEAN FRANÇOIS HEYMANS for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration.
1937
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI VON NAGYRAPOLT for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid.
1936
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR HENRY HALLETT DALE
and OTTO LOEWI for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses
1935
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
HANS SPEMANN for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development
1934
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLE ,
GEORGE RICHARDS MINOT
and WILLIAM PARRY MURPHY
for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia.
1933
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
THOMAS HUNT MORGAN for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity.
1932
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
SIR CHARLES SCOTT SHERRINGTON
and LORD EDGAR DOUGLAS ADRIAN
for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons.
1931
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
OTTO HEINRICH WARBURG for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
1930
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
KARL LANDSTEINER for his discovery of human blood groups.
1929
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: DISCOVERIES
CHRISTIAAN EIJKMAN for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin
and the other half awarded to:
SIR FREDERICK GOWLAND HOPKINS for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins.
1928
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
CHARLES JULES HENRI NICOLLE for his work on typhus.
1927
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
JULIUS WAGNER-JAUREGG for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica.
1926
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
JOHANNES ANDREAS GRIB FIBIGER for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma.
1925
The prize money for 1925 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1924
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
WILLEM EINTHOVEN for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram
1923
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
SIR FREDERICK GRANT BANTING and
JOHN JAMES RICHARD MACLEOD for the discovery of insulin.
1922
The prize was divided equally between: DISCOVERIES
SIR ARCHIBALD VIVIAN HILL for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle
and OTTO FRITZ MEYERHOF
for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactid acid in the muscle.
1921
The prize money for 1921 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1920
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
SCHACK AUGUST STEENBERGER KROGH for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism.
1919
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
JULES BORDET for his discoveries relating to immunity.
1918-1915
The prize money for 1918-1915 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize secti
1914
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ROBERT BÁRÁNY for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus.
1913
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
CHARLES ROBERT RICHET in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis
1912
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ALEXIS CARREL in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood-vessels and organs.
1911
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ALLVAR GULLSTRAND for his work on the dioptrics of the eye.
1910
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ALBRECHT KOSSEL in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances.
1909
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
EMIL THEODOR KOCHER for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland.
1908
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
ILYA ILYICH MECHNIKOV
and PAUL EHRLICH
in recognition of their work on immunity.
1907
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
CHARLES LOUIS ALPHONSE LAVERAN in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases.
1906
The prize was awarded jointly to: DISCOVERIES
CAMILLO GOLGI and
SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL
in recognition of their work on the stucture of the nervous system.
1905
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
ROBERT KOCH for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis.
1904
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged.
1903
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
NIELS RYBERG FINSEN in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.
1902
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
SIR RONALD ROSS for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful resesarch on this disease and methods of combating it.
1901
The prize was awarded to DISCOVERIES
EMIL ADOLF VON BEHRING for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths.
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Responses
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| Author: Gitolekha 10 Jul 2008 | Member Level: Gold Points : 2 | 2005
Dr.Barry Marshall and Dr.Robin Warren for discovering that stomach ulser can be caused by a bacteria Helicobacter pylori bacterium.
2004
RICHARD AXEL, and LINDA B BUCK for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system
2003
PAUL C. LAUTERBUR, and SIR PETER MANSFIELD for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging.
2002
SYDNEY BRENNER, H. ROBERT HORVITZ and JOHN E. SULSTON for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death.
2001
LELAND H. HARTWELL, R. TIMOTHY HUNT and PAUL M. NURSE for their discoveries of "key regulators of the cell cycle."
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