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Microprocessors
Posted Date: 18 Feb 2008 Resource Type: Articles/Knowledge Sharing Category: Education
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Posted By: Moncy Member Level: Silver
Rating:  Points: 4
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A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC). [1] The first microprocessors used a word size of only 4 bits, so that the transistors of its logic circuits would fit onto a single part. One or more microprocessors typically serve as the processing elements of a computer system, embedded system, or handheld device. Microprocessors made possible by the advent of the microcomputer in the mid-1970s. Before this period, CPUs were typically made from small-scale integrated circuits containing the equivalent of only a few transistors. By integrating the processor onto one or a very few large-scale integrated circuit packages (containing the equivalent of thousands or millions of discrete transistors), the cost of processing capacity was greatly reduced. Since the advent of the microprocessor in the mid 1970's, it has now become the most prevalent implementation of the CPU, almost completely replacing all other forms. See History of computing hardware for pre-electronic and early electronic computers.
Since the early 1970s, the increase in processing capacity of evolving microprocessors has been known to generally follow Moore's Law. It suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost, doubles every 18 months. In the early 1990s, microprocessor's heat generation (TDP) - due to current leakage - emerged as a leading developmental constraint[2]. From their humble beginnings as the drivers for calculators, the continued increase in processing capacity has led to the dominance of microprocessors over every other form of computer; every system from the largest mainframes to the smallest handheld computers now uses a microprocessor at its core.
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