How do I chose electric battery for electric vehicle?

The battery pack for electrical vehicles is chosen with the consideration of light weight and fast charging. The traditional lead plate batteries used in the petrol/ diesel vehicles take more time (8 - 10 hours) in charging and are also heavy so they are not preferred for electrical vehicles.

You have asked the battery type used for the electrical scooters. There are two types of electrical scooters being manufactured in the country. First is the e-scooter which are low power and have speeds up to 30 km. They can go for distance of 50-60 km in one stretch. Generally these e-scooters would use Li-Ion battery packs which can give 48 Volt and their ratings are 20 or 24 Ampere-hour. The weight of this battery pack is around 7.5 kg. These batteries come with 3 yeas warranty but their working life is a good 6 years. These batteries can be charged in 4 hours by using a 6 Ampere charger. Some e-scooters are already come in the market and they have a spare battery pack kept in the storage below the seat so that as soon as the main battery goes down one can put this spare battery and keep the main battery for charging.

Second type is power scooters which use Li-Ion batteries having power around 2 to 3 kWh and these scooters have a top speed in the range 55-80 km per hour depending upon the company and model. They can go for a distance of 60 to 130 km at a stretch depending on their model. They have a plugin type of charging system. I think what you might require is this second type of battery system. I would suggest you to go through the details of some models of power scooters of companies like Bajaj, Hero, Ather, Okinawa etc. That would give a good idea to you for designing or deciding for your e-vehicle accordingly.

The following are the various types of batteries that are being used for electric bikes.

1, Lead-acid electric bike batteries: These are cheap. But they are very sensitive to bad treatment. Their life is also not long.
2. Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) batteries: They are having higher capacity than a lead-acid battery.Nickel- Cadmium battery is expensive. Cadmium is not good for the environment. Hence these batteries are no good choice.
3. Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMh) Electric Bike Batteries:
These batteries are better than NiCd batteries. They are costly. They will have a longer life. They are easy to be recycled.
4.Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Electric Bike Batteries: These batteries are having higher demand in the market. There are different types that are there in these batteries. They have a longer life. They generate more power when compared to the weight of this battery from other batteries. These batteries cost more.
5. Lithium-ion Polymer (Li-pol) Electric Bike Batteries: These are the latest version of batteries. It can be made in any shape we want. There are no liquid components in this battery. They are better to use in high capacity electric bikes.

In addition to the above, there are another two other models called Lithium Cobalt (LCO) Electric Bike Batteries and Lithium Manganese (LiMg204) Electric Bike Batteries.

Among all the above Lithium-Ion batteries are found to be the best. Still work is going on to decide which lithium-ion batteries are better.


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Due to several reasons and development in the automation or auto world, there is a scope of bringing the electric vehicle that will gradually replace the petrol or diesel vehicles in the coming years. The thought or idea of the electric vehicle came in the early 1900s where it was only reserved for top dignitaries as they wanted a quiet, less vibrating and non-polluting ride which helped in discovering the all-electric vehicles (EVs).

The all-electric vehicles (EVs) would replace the internal combustion(IC) engine and many companies are working to improve the EV batteries concerning the price of the EV batteries, Vehicle design, ultra-fast charging, source of energy for recharging, etc. The challenge for the manufacturer is the vehicle sizes and the associated batteries which need to be compacted, durable and achieve high performance. The batteries are essential for all hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and all-electric vehicles (EVs) for energy storage. The normal electric vehicles (EVs) have 12–18kWh, the mid-sized electric vehicles (EVs) have a 22–32kWh and the luxury models electric vehicles (EVs) have a 60–100kWh which provides long-running capacity and good performance.

Types of Energy Storage or electric battery for an electric vehicle are:
i) Lead-Acid Batteries - These types of batteries are economical, safe, established and carry high power and even high-power lead-acid batteries are being developed due to its limitations like poor life span, low specific energy and very weak in a cold climate.

ii) Lithium-Ion Batteries - It is the most widely used batteries in the world due to its high energy per unit mass capacity. It provides high energy efficiency, better performance even at high-temperature, good power capacity as compared to its weight, low self-discharge, and easily recyclable components. The only concern is the high cost of the material but R&D is under progress to reduce its cost and also increase the component life.

iii) Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries - These types are mostly used in computer and medical equipment due to its long life, safety, mishandling tolerant, specific energy and power potential. The only drawback is the high cost along with heat generation and self-discharge which is at the high side.

iv) Ultracapacitors - These are secondary type energy-storage devices that energize and provides power during acceleration and slope climbing as it contains an electrode and an electrolyte which rises capacity as the liquid's surface area increases.

Some of the concerns about using an electric battery or electric vehicle are:
- Long Life - A normal EV batteries can be used for 8 years or 160,000km but temperature plays a vital role. The life span can reduce hot climate and usage patterns.
- Performance - The performance of any EV batteries may differ as it is affected by both heat and cold climate. The heat reduces the life of the battery and cold weather lowers the performance thus EV batteries require climate control or protection.
- Safe Working- As it is very sensitive to temperature, it is always advisable to have a temperature controller or BMS system to keep the EV batteries safe.
- Cost - At one side where it ensures pollution reduction and is eco-friendly, the high cost of EV batteries and its components makes it costly. Unless new development is not made, it can be never be introduced for common people.
- Recharging - It is to note that EV batteries charge to about 80% and discharge to 30% even in new conditions and as it ages, the charging bandwidth reduces which results in fast-aging and increased stress.

Normally every electric two-wheeler or the car comes with the OEM battery which always and tested before putting into use in the vehicle. That means the brand and the wattage of the battery have to be followed and same kind of battery must be purchased even for standby. Normally we have lots of market experts available the reputed battery showrooms which have the qualified staff to guide you. One thing is sure, we cannot put a battery of over bandwidth nor use the under bandwidth. Each electrical vehicle has its own optimum level bandwidth beyond which it will not accept over powered batteries.