What are the PR requirements of USA and Canada for PhD holder ?

Getting PR in Canada is relatively easier than that of USA. However one has to get a job there before one can start processing for one's PR status there.

For going to USA your qualification and experience are ok but until an employer in USA sponsors you for working in USA you do not get a working Visa and cannot enter USA. So first important thing is to get a job there appropriate to your qualifications. You will have to go through job portals and short out and apply for the jobs that are available to you in USA. Once that is achieved then there are some laid out procedure for applying for PR. It is to be noted that PR is granted only in certain cases like - when an employer in USA submits a petition in favour of the employee or the person marries with a USA citizen or person is sponsored by a close relative who is already a USA citizen etc.

In Canada job opportunity is better as compared to the USA and you can either go through the job portals or placement agencies which will help you to get a job in Canada. If you are successful in getting a job there then after 2 years of work experience and 3 years of stay one can apply for a PR. If you are not successful in getting a job in Canada even then you can enter Canada through the Canada Govt immigration programme under which Canada is going to take immigrants from outside for increasing its workforce to improve its economy.

1. To go to the USA and try for a PR status there, the requirement is that you should get a job there and then the employer will process your H1 visa and you can go there, While working there you can try for another job and change. But the new employer should be ready to process your H1 visa. While working there you can apply for your green card to stay permanently there. But it will take some good time. My cousin is in the US for the last 12 years and applied for a green card. He is expecting that to come this year. You should start trying for a job in the US and then only you can think of going there on a Visa and then think off PR requirements. The immediate requirement is to start trying for a job there.
2. Even to get a PR status in Canada, you require a job. After getting a job there, the employer will process your visa and you can go and join there. After working for some time, you can apply for PR status as per the existing rules and you may get it.
3. I understand there are many positions available in Canada and hence going is a little bit easy. The government is allowing immigrants and after going there you have to try for a job. But it is always better to go there after getting a job. Start searching for a job there.

While considering your PR status in USA, you need to get a job with the strength of your experience and academic qualifications. Once this issue is finalised, your application for H1 Visa will be processed and ultimately it would be cleared. While living over there, you could look out for another job provided the new employer is ready to absorb you with your existing experience and qualifications. H1 Visa would be processed by the next employer under such a situation. While continuing your job, you can apply for the green card but to have this approval, it might take considerable time.
Hence at this phase, you have to look out for such a job which match your qualifications and experience.
2) In relation to get a PR status in Canada, you would be required to land in a job of this country fulfilling bot qualifications and experience. The government would process your visa and you would be intimated accordingly. While remaining in the job, after sometime, you can apply for PR status as per their existing rules and ultimately your PR status would be accepted.
3) it would not be difficult for you to have got a job of your own interest since there is no dearth of opportunities. Moving to this country for a job is somewhat easy since the government permits the immigrants for grabbing jobs according to the capabilities of the immigrants. However, the favourable situation for you would be to procure a job in advance and then move ahead to this country. In that way, you would be in a secured position.

For getting PR status in the USA, your first work is to get a job there. After getting a job your application will be processed for an H1 visa. Continuing your job you can search for another job where a new employer should be ready to process your H1 visa. Doing the job there, you can apply for a Green card for permanent residence but It may take more time. In Canada, you have to follow the same rules for getting PR status.
In Canada, getting a job is easier than in the USA and you can try through the job portals or placement agencies which will help you to get a job in Canada. If you get a job there then you can apply for PR status. But if your first work is to get a job then you would be eligible for PR status.