Makara is the zodiac sign of Capricorn and Sankranti means transition. 'Makara Sankranti' marks the transition of the Sun from the zodiac of Sagittarius (Dhanu) to Capricorn (Makara).
There are twelve zodiac signs, and every month, the Sun transits from one zodiac sign to another. There are twelve Sankranti(s) in a year, and the foremost are the Mesha Sankranti (14 April) and the Makara Sankranti(14/15 January). The Makara Sankranti is also known as 'Uttarayana', because from this day, the Sun starts moving from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere. This is the period of 'Tamaso Ma Jyotirgamaya', or the journey from darkness towards light - the spiritual light of knowledge, creativity and attainment. The days start getting longer and warmer.
Makara Sankranti is dedicated to the Sun and is observed as beginning a period of resurgence.
(a) Those who have forgotten Noakhali, how can they protest Sandeshkhali?
(b) Have no fear of perfection - you'll never reach it. ---------- Salvador Dali