Theory of conditioned learning

THEORY OF CONDITIONED LEARNING
1. Thorndriek's theory of learning is called S-R bound theory (Stimulus response). It is also called connectionism.
2. Classical conditioning theory was studied by pavlove.
3. Theory of contiguous condition learning was studied by Gutheric.
4. Reinforcement theory of learning was studied by Hull's
5. Quantitative theory of learning was studied by spenace.
6. Instrumental conditioning or Operant conditioning learning was studied by Skinner.
7. Insight theory of learning was studied by Gestalt.
8. Topological theory of learning was studied by Lewin's.
9. Reinforcement theory of learning was studied by Thorndsiek's
10. Experiment on place of learning was studied by Tolman and Ritchie.
11. Cognitive model of learning was developed by Bruner and Jean Piaget's.
12. Insight learning theory – W. Kohler.
13. Cognitive field theory of learning – Kart Lewin.
14. Ego – Involvement theory of learning & Sherif & Cantril.
15. The mentality of Aves was studied by Kohler's.
16. The production of thinking studied by Wertheimer.
17. Tolman's proposed the theory of sign learning.
18. EGO-involvement theory of leraning was sheriff & cantril.

1. The basic assumptions of group dynamics are

THORNDRICK'S THEORY OF LEARNING
The theory is based on trail & error learning concept. He found out that animals learn by trail & error for his experiment he used the animals such as rats & cats. He placed the cat in a problem box. After several trails cat got success & it made an exist without a single mistake. He said that
1. The individual has got certain, motives, goal, purpose & therefore he react.
2. Many response are made to the situations, so he said there should be a strong motive to work enthusiastically.
MERITS OF THORNDRICK'S THEORY:
1. It is a fruitful method to develop all kinds of manualskill.
2. It helps in the individual who have limited understanding in solving their problems.
3. It helps the teacher to know how a learner select the appropriate & correct response to a particular point.
4. It is most suitable for children who have less understanding of things around them & less experience of the surrounding.
He said sufficient practice is required to get the mastry over the work & students should be motivated or get then ready for learning a particular task.

PAVOLVE'S Experiments:
He conducted an experiment on dog in 1904. He used to ring the bell while giving food to his dog. he repeated the same activity for seven days. It was found that after seven days a stage had reached when simply the ring of bell brought saliva in dogs mouth.

Watson's Experiment:
He carried out similar expt on a child named Albert to prove condition of emotional responses. At the time of experiment Albert was eleven months old. He did not have fear for a rabbit during the experiment the fear stimuli was present, whenever the child is about to touch the rabbit. This activity was repeated for three or four times. It was observed that the child started showing fear of the rabbit. In this way Watson demonstrated how emotions like fear or learnt by the children through conditions.

Gastalt's theory:
It is nothing but insight learning. Insight is a process of perceiving the relation among various things given in a situation. Understanding of relationship between things & objectives which is very important.

Koher's Experiment:
Kihler perform several interesting experiment. He hung banana in the cage. In one corner of the cage he put a box, the question was would the chimpanzee named sultan get the banana. After much leaping the chimpanzee could drag the box underneath the banana, mount over it and get banana.
In another experiment it took the food using two sticks. He called this quick grasping of relation as insight learning.

Skinner Theory to Operant Conditioning:
The reinforcement is not useable in terms of drive reducing property but it has occurred when the probability of response has been increased by the stimulus that has been increased by the stimulus that his followed it. "A reinforcement is any stimulus which following a response increases its probability of occurrence on the next.
He placed a rat in a puzzle box. When he feels hungry he tries to get food by pushing a lever in the box & succeeds. In this simple experiment he demonstrated that we see only the response & we should not try to discover the cost he called in as emitted response. He explains further that since the rat get food by pressing the lever it learns to press lever & this tendency I s strengthen because he get reinforcement.