Free Tutorial in Basic Psychology - Understanding Depression and How to Cope


Depression is characterized by a low or depressed mood associated with loss of interest in activities of any kind. It is an unhealthy state of mind. We will learn more about it and also as how to cope with it in this article.

Depression is a mental disorder and is a term which is often used very commonly in discussions about such conditions. In technical language, it is known as depressive disorder. We learn about depression in detail under the subject - Psychology.

Depression is characterized by a low or depressed mood associated with a loss of interest in activities of any kind. Generally, this condition remains for a long time and sometimes remains like that for good.

Reasons for depression

Depression is a terrible condition severely affecting the personality of a person and can happen to anyone. People who have been abused, lost their near and dear, or gone through stressful events are more prone to develop depression. Studies reveal that women are more likely to have depression than men. In some people, problems at school, college, or the workplace can lead to depression.

Identification of depression

We all are human beings and it is natural that our mood changes from time to time. Our mood depends on various factors, situations, and circumstances in our lives. That type of mood change is a common thing and is known as regular mood change. A low mood condition in that cycle or sequence is not to be confused with depression.

The most important characteristic of depression is that it lasts for a longer duration, maybe for a day, or few days or for few weeks. This long duration is a matter of worry and psychologists or psychiatrists differentiate depression from regular mood change mainly based on this factor.

There are many symptoms from which the presence of depression can be ascertained in a person. Some of the common ones are -
  • Loss of interest in activities.
  • Loss of interest in hobbies.
  • Loss of interest in fun or pleasure.
  • Changes in appetite.
  • Changes in weight.
  • Sometimes feels lethargic, sometimes overactive.
  • Feeling of decreased energy or feeling of fatigue.
  • Feelings of guilt or no worth.
  • Oversleeping or difficulty in sleeping.
  • Lack of concentration.
  • Difficulty in making decisions.
  • Thoughts of death or suicide.
  • Attempting suicide.
In addition to the above some other physical symptoms could be there as a consequence of depression and these are - frequent irritability, restlessness, chronic pain, headache, and issues related to the digestive system.

Experts opine that even if five or more symptoms from the above list persist for 10 days or more, the treating doctors can confirm the diagnosis as depression in the particular person.

Some global data about depression

It is estimated that about 4% of the world population (about 280 million people) suffers from depression. This is an average estimate and figures can change from country to country and the various age groups involved. Studies also show that it is more common in women than men. It is estimated that the prevalence of depression in women is 50% more than that of men. It is to be noted that every year lakhs of people die of suicide and depression is one of the main causes.

Patterns of depressive episodes

The patterns of depression can vary from person to person. Generally, three types of episodes are seen when a person is attacked by depression. First is single-episode depressive disorder. In this, the person gets only one attack of depression and then comes back to normal. The second is recurring-episode depressive disorder. In this condition, the depression recurs from time to time. The third situation is bipolar recurring episode depressive disorder in which alternate attacks of depression are there and in one of the episodes, the person would remain in low mood in all aspects of life while in other, one will be too excited, overactive, or too talkative.

Prevention and cure of depression

Though there are established methods of treating people who have depressive conditions, still in some poor and underdeveloped countries people are deprived of these treatments. In some places, lack of trained health persons is also an issue. Further, in some places, social stigma also plays a role and discourages the family members from accepting depression and going for treatment.

Parents in the home and teachers in the school have to play an important part in prevention programmes for reducing depressive tendencies in the target children. All these programs under the supervision of school authorities are based on the creation of a positive attitude in life.

The standard treatment of depression consists of a mix of psychological treatment and medications. Antidepressant medicines are effective in moderate and severe depression. However, it is not advised to use them during mild depression.

Family members and close relatives of a depressed person can help in the matter of providing a conducive atmosphere during the treatment of the patient. They can refer to guide books, WHO manuals, self-help portals, talk therapy sites, self-care, etc and should keep the following things in their minds while supporting the patient -
  1. The depressed person should be motivated to do activities that he earlier used to like.
  2. He should remain connected to friends and family.
  3. Should undertake exercise, however little it is.
  4. Have regular eating and sleeping habits.
  5. No alcohol and no illicit drugs.

Conclusion

Depression is an unhealthy condition of the mind and can become dreadful if not treated or contained in time. Understanding the source of depression and its symptoms helps the doctor or psychiatrist in treating the patient successfully.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is depression curable?
It depends upon the severity of the case. Generally, mild and moderate depressions are cured with continuous monitoring. In case of severe depression medication is also required and success ratio depends on many conditions like environment, family support, individual will power, etc. In worst cases it is to be managed rather than getting cured.
Who is better for treating depression - a Psychiatrist or a Psychologist?
A Psychiatrist is a better choice because he is well versed with the medicines required to be given.


Comments

Author: DR.N.V. Srinivasa Rao22 May 2024 Member Level: Diamond   Points : 4

A good article from the author giving details about depression and its consequences. Depression makes a person unsuccessful. Negative thoughts will dominate the personality. Too much depression leads to shivering and may cause mental tension and it may raise the BP of a person also.

My father is a living example of this. He is very healthy even at his age of 90 years physically, but because of his depression, he is suffering from anxiety neurosis. He has been using medicine under the care of a psychiatrist for the last 20 years. He always thinks about his health only and feels that he may suffer from health problems. That made him very weak. With medicines, the situation is under control. But every minute he thinks that it is his last minute on earth.

As mentioned by the author, the people around such a person should be trying to take out fear from such people and should try to encourage them so that positive thoughts will come in their minds. Be supportive to such persons.

Author: Neeru Bhatt22 May 2024 Member Level: Diamond   Points : 2

Yes Dr Rao, giving company to such people and engaging them in positive thoughts is a great way to contain depression. Your father's case seems to be a chronic case of depression where ordinary line of treatment might not work. These people are too rigid in their negative territories and would not co-operate with us when we want to help them. In psychiatric treatments doctors generally give some neuro medications as well as counselling to these patients and hope to see some results but such treatments also do not meet with success in some old chronic cases.

Author: Umesh23 May 2024 Member Level: Diamond   Points : 7

A precise and informative article on the topic of depression. It is said that today, due to severe competition and modern ways of lives, many people are stressed and not able to cope up with their lives. It leads to dejection and feeling of not able to compete. Such feelings are not good as they can start sowing the seeds of depression in a person.

Apart from that there are many situations in one's life which can also induce the depressive feelings in a person.
Depression does not build up in a day. It is the gradual outcome of so many adverse things in one's life after which one becomes dissatisfied and disappointed and starts living in his own cocoon.

Psychiatrists try to treat the depressive person through psychological counseling and modern medicines and depending upon the severity of depression, results are obtained. In some cases, lifelong medication becomes a compulsion.
One important thing in treating a depressed person is to provide him company and initiate him to talk and share things with others. This is a very important aspect and there are cases where the people suffering from depression came out of it.

I would like to share a case history of one of our colleagues in our workplace who was suffering from depression. He was under the treatment of a doctor who prescribed him some medicines and asked his family members not to leave him alone. We came to know about these things from his wife who requested us to treat him well. Anyway, we started to force him to come with us during the lunch time to the office canteen where we passed half an hour taking food and chit-chatting. He initially avoided us but seeing our good behavior started to accompany us. Then we took him to picnic or outings that we used to have frequently during that time. All that helped a lot, and he started opening up with us and started to share many things with us including his mood changes. Within six months, we saw a lot of improvement in him and he was almost out of that dreadful condition called depression.

We must treat the depressed people gently and softly. It takes time to improve and we should have patience in us.

Author: DR.N.V. Srinivasa Rao24 May 2024 Member Level: Diamond   Points : 3

That is correct Neeru Bhatt. My father's case is chronic. He was working in a small private company and the management respected him a lot and they continued him in the job till he completed his 80 years. Those days also he was suffering from depression but he was occupied mentally with his office work. So the medicines he was using gave good results. But after retirement, he is now free and has no other thoughts in his mind except his health and well-being. As he crossed 90 years, the doctor decreased the dosage of medicines. Both these things put together he is more anxious about his life and depression is haunting him. We are all trying to take care of him by telling other issues and diverting his thoughts. But he never concentrates on any other matter.
The best thing to make them happy is to make them talk about something other than their problems and directing them to some other areas. But all depends on the severity of the disorder in the individual.

Author: Venkiteswaran25 May 2024 Member Level: Gold   Points : 6

The daily reports in the media about increasing number of suicides among the youth and even school going teenage children should give very serious concern to all.

It is quite distressing that today's youth and teenagers are not able to accept and assimilate failure or rejection. Even when they do not get the limelight in some gathering or event also pushes them to depression. The consequences are devastating to the family, society and world in general. That makes it imperative that parents, teachers and friends should be vigilant and alert to the signals indicating onset of depression.

The author gives some basic but practical tips and lessons to sense depression at the very early stage itself. The early detection or alert and response can prevent the victim from going into serious depression and can be brought back to normal very easily even without any medical therapy.

That apart, it is essential for the parents and teachers to instill a practical and reality sense in the minds of the youth and students that life is a mixture of good and bad, right and wrong, acceptance and rejection, failure and success. They should be taught and told real-life stories of people who faced failure and deficiencies but reached great heights and achievements by focused hard work.

It will not be wrong to say that moderate faith in God and following of religion personally will also come to help.

For elders suffering from depression, company and care is the main remedy.



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