Is UK a good option to study MBBS?
Author: Nidhi Post Date: 18 May 2023
The UK is famous not only for its history and Buckingham Palace it also has the largest and oldest educational institutions globally. Medical universities in UK hold the second-highest Nobel Prize in medicine. Though the country offers a vast array of educational programs like engineering, business, management, medicine, humanities, etc. medical education in England is the most popular option for national as well as international students. Over 70 medical universities have been ranked in the 'QS World University Rankings'. That's why lakhs of foreign students step into the country every year to add internationally recognized qualifications to their CVs.
WHY SHOULD I STUDY MBBS IN UK?
There are numerous and uncountable benefits of getting higher education in the UK. Some major advantages of studying MBBS in UK/ England are:
• The quality of medical education in UK is exceptional and a whole lot better than in any university across the globe.
• MBBS in UK is recognized by NMC and the Directory of world councils.
• Medical faculty in the UK consists of FRCP/FRCS & MRCP/ MRCS experts thereby leading to an increased probability to clear MRCP/ MRCS world-recognized diplomas.
• Medical universities in England/ UK provide practical professional training in NHS (National Health Service) hospitals for a better outcome.
• MBBS from UK is valid in India (as mentioned in the Gazette of India), and students don't have to appear for any MCI screening test after completing their studies.
• NEET is not mandatory for medical education in UK. You can apply for MBBS in England even if you have failed to clear NEET.
• You can study medicine in UK after class 12 and get direct admission into the top university in UK.
• Various scholarships are offered to meritorious students.
• Students get experience in dealing with real patients from the 3rd year onwards during clinical placements.
• Many Indian banks offer educational loans for medical aspirants willing to study in UK.
• You get a chance to explore this magnificent country on weekends and other holidays.
LIST OF TOP MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN UK
Check out the list of best medical colleges in UK according to Times Higher Education Subject Ranking 2021:
1. University of Oxford
2. University of Cambridge
3. Imperial College London
4. University College London (UCL)
5. University of Edinburgh
6. King's College London
7. University of Manchester
8. University of Warwick
9. University of Bristol
10. University of Glasgow
LIST OF LOW-COST CHEAPEST MBBS UNIVERSITIES
• University of Aberdeen
• University of Birmingham
• University of Bristol
• University of Manchester
• King's College London
• University of Dundee
• Swansea University Medical College
FACULTIES
Although the medical institutions in Britain offer specialized medical education in more than 60 faculties, some of the most popular faculties in UK are:
• Anesthetics
• General Practice
• Pathology
• Psychiatry
• Radiology
• Surgery
Courses available:
• MD in Anesthesia
• MD in Biochemistry
• MD in Aerospace Medicine
• MD in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy
• MD in Anatomy
• MD in ENT
• MD in Ophthalmology
• MD in Forensic Medicine
• MD in Geriatrics
• MD in General Surgery
• MD in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MD in Orthopedics
• Diploma in Clinical Pathology
• Diploma in Anesthesia
• Diploma in Health Education
• Diploma in DVL
• Diploma in ENT
• Diploma in Occupational Health
• Diploma in Pulmonary medicine
• Diploma in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• Diploma in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
• Diploma in Sports Medicine
• Diploma in Hospital Administration
• Diploma in Immunohematology
• Diploma in Microbiology
• Diploma in Pathology
• Diploma in Pediatrics
• Diploma in Nuclear medicine
• Diploma in Psychiatry
• Diploma in Radiotherapy
• Diploma in Sports Medicine
• Molecular Imaging and Image Analysis
• Regenerative Medicine
• Medical Imaging
• Biomaterials and Implants
• Medical Statistics
• Telemedicine
• Stem Cells
• Biomedical Instrumentation
• Clinical Biomarkers
• Immuno-technology
• Recombinant DNA Technology
• Biosensors
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Biomedical Simulation
• MBA
MBBS IN UK- FEE STRUCTURE, COURSE, DURATION
The cost of study in UK/ England is comparatively higher than in any other country. But this cost compensates and justifies the quality of education offered by the universities. If you desire to be a globally recognized medical practitioner, here is the information related to tuition fees at UK medical universities.
• University of Oxford: BM BCh Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £22,879 per year
• University of Cambridge: MB BChir with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £52,000 per year
• University College London (UCL): MBBS/BSC Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £39,363 per year
• Imperial College London: MBBS/BSC Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £45,640 per year
• The University of Edinburgh: MBChB Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £27,456 per year
• King's College London: MBBS Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £30,266 per year
• University of Glasgow: MBChB with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £47,900 per year
• University of Manchester: MBChB with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £26,616 per year
• Newcastle University: MBBS Medicine and Surgery with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £33,600 per year
• Queen Mary University of London: MBBS Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £39,363 per year
Disclaimer- Tuition fees and other charges can change without any prior notification.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR MBBS ADMISSION IN UK
Candidates must adhere to the following requirements to apply for MBBS in UK:
• The minimum age of the applicant should not be less than 18 years.
• Applicant must have scored a minimum of 80 % of marks (AAA grade) in Class 12 with Chemistry and Biology.
• The minimum IELTS score of 7.0 is mandatory for international students.
MBBS SYLLABUS IN UK
Pre-Clinical (2 semesters)
· Anatomy
· Biochemistry
· Physiology
Para-Clinical (3 semesters)
· Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
· Microbiology
· Pathology
· Pharmacology
Clinical (4 semesters)
· Anesthesiology – Community Medicine
· Dermatology and Venereology
· Medicine
· Obstetrics & Gynaecology
· Ophthalmology
· Orthopedics
· Otorhinolaryngology
· Pediatrics
· Psychiatry
· Surgery
SCHOLARSHIPS FOR INDIAN STUDENTS IN THE UK
Prominent scholarships are available for foreign students to assist them during their academic years. Some of the most popular scholarships for MBBS in the UK are:
• Chevening Scholarship- £18,000
• Global Health Future Leaders Scholarship- £2,500
• Imperial College Faculty of Medicine Scholarship- £1,000
• Rhodes Scholarship- £15,141
• Hulk York Medical School International Scholarship- £8,737
ADMISSION TEST- UK MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAM
Applicants have to score minimum required scores NEET/UKCAT/BMAT/GAMSAT. Scores required in the entrance exam for MBBS in UK for Indian students are:
UKCAT: 650
NEET: 50 percentile
BMAT: 4.5 – 5.0
GAMSAT: 60 – 66
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
• Academic transcription or proof of your previous academic along with the certificate received from the previous institution.
• Xerox of IELTS/UKCAT/BMAT scorecard.
• Copy of a valid passport.
• Certificate of English proficiency test ( IELTS/TOEFL/C1 Advanced).
• Personal statement bearing the reason to visit the country.
• Reference letter.
• CV (if required).
• Bachelor's Degree (if required)
• Bank statement.
• Statement of Purpose.
• Passport-size photographs.
• Medical test reports including HIV/ AIDS and COVID-19 test reports.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
What is MBBS called in the UK?
MBBS in the UK is equivalent to the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, known as MB ChB or MB BCh at some universities in the UK.
What is the cost of education in the UK?
In addition to the tuition fees, other expenses incurred are application fees, visa application fees, IELTS registration, TOEFL registration, NEET fees, and flight ticket cost.
What is the cost of living in the UK/ England?
The cost of living depends upon the location you are residing in and your standard of living. The average cost of living in London is £1,020 per month while it is approximately £820 per month in other places.
Can I study MBBS in the UK without UKCAT?
UKCAT is an entrance test that is mandatory for admission to top medical colleges in the UK. It is used by a consortium of UK universities for medical and dental degree programs. If you are seeking MBBS admission in the UK without clearing UKCAT, you can try getting admission to the following universities-
• Brighton and Sussex Medical School
• University of Central Lancashire
What is the MBBS doctor's salary in the UK?
The salary of an MBBS doctor in the United Kingdom is unbeatable and a stroke of genius. The average salary of MBBS Doctors/Physicians in the UK is 276,000 GBP. According to a report published by BBC News on 15 October 2018, the starting salary for junior doctors in the UK is $ 28,331 which goes up to $ 34,484. Trained and specialized doctors can earn somewhere between $ 36,949 and $ 57,886. The average salary of a doctor in the UK/ England is $ 45,560 (as reported by the NHS Employers Organization).
The UK is famous not only for its history and Buckingham Palace it also has the largest and oldest educational institutions globally. Medical universities in UK hold the second-highest Nobel Prize in medicine. Though the country offers a vast array of educational programs like engineering, business, management, medicine, humanities, etc. medical education in England is the most popular option for national as well as international students. Over 70 medical universities have been ranked in the 'QS World University Rankings'. That's why lakhs of foreign students step into the country every year to add internationally recognized qualifications to their CVs.
WHY SHOULD I STUDY MBBS IN UK?
There are numerous and uncountable benefits of getting higher education in the UK. Some major advantages of studying MBBS in UK/ England are:
• The quality of medical education in UK is exceptional and a whole lot better than in any university across the globe.
• MBBS in UK is recognized by NMC and the Directory of world councils.
• Medical faculty in the UK consists of FRCP/FRCS & MRCP/ MRCS experts thereby leading to an increased probability to clear MRCP/ MRCS world-recognized diplomas.
• Medical universities in England/ UK provide practical professional training in NHS (National Health Service) hospitals for a better outcome.
• MBBS from UK is valid in India (as mentioned in the Gazette of India), and students don't have to appear for any MCI screening test after completing their studies.
• NEET is not mandatory for medical education in UK. You can apply for MBBS in England even if you have failed to clear NEET.
• You can study medicine in UK after class 12 and get direct admission into the top university in UK.
• Various scholarships are offered to meritorious students.
• Students get experience in dealing with real patients from the 3rd year onwards during clinical placements.
• Many Indian banks offer educational loans for medical aspirants willing to study in UK.
• You get a chance to explore this magnificent country on weekends and other holidays.
LIST OF TOP MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN UK
Check out the list of best medical colleges in UK according to Times Higher Education Subject Ranking 2021:
1. University of Oxford
2. University of Cambridge
3. Imperial College London
4. University College London (UCL)
5. University of Edinburgh
6. King's College London
7. University of Manchester
8. University of Warwick
9. University of Bristol
10. University of Glasgow
LIST OF LOW-COST CHEAPEST MBBS UNIVERSITIES
• University of Aberdeen
• University of Birmingham
• University of Bristol
• University of Manchester
• King's College London
• University of Dundee
• Swansea University Medical College
FACULTIES
Although the medical institutions in Britain offer specialized medical education in more than 60 faculties, some of the most popular faculties in UK are:
• Anesthetics
• General Practice
• Pathology
• Psychiatry
• Radiology
• Surgery
Courses available:
• MD in Anesthesia
• MD in Biochemistry
• MD in Aerospace Medicine
• MD in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy
• MD in Anatomy
• MD in ENT
• MD in Ophthalmology
• MD in Forensic Medicine
• MD in Geriatrics
• MD in General Surgery
• MD in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MD in Orthopedics
• Diploma in Clinical Pathology
• Diploma in Anesthesia
• Diploma in Health Education
• Diploma in DVL
• Diploma in ENT
• Diploma in Occupational Health
• Diploma in Pulmonary medicine
• Diploma in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• Diploma in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
• Diploma in Sports Medicine
• Diploma in Hospital Administration
• Diploma in Immunohematology
• Diploma in Microbiology
• Diploma in Pathology
• Diploma in Pediatrics
• Diploma in Nuclear medicine
• Diploma in Psychiatry
• Diploma in Radiotherapy
• Diploma in Sports Medicine
• Molecular Imaging and Image Analysis
• Regenerative Medicine
• Medical Imaging
• Biomaterials and Implants
• Medical Statistics
• Telemedicine
• Stem Cells
• Biomedical Instrumentation
• Clinical Biomarkers
• Immuno-technology
• Recombinant DNA Technology
• Biosensors
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Biomedical Simulation
• MBA
MBBS IN UK- FEE STRUCTURE, COURSE, DURATION
The cost of study in UK/ England is comparatively higher than in any other country. But this cost compensates and justifies the quality of education offered by the universities. If you desire to be a globally recognized medical practitioner, here is the information related to tuition fees at UK medical universities.
• University of Oxford: BM BCh Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £22,879 per year
• University of Cambridge: MB BChir with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £52,000 per year
• University College London (UCL): MBBS/BSC Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £39,363 per year
• Imperial College London: MBBS/BSC Medicine with a duration of 6 years and tuition fee approx. £45,640 per year
• The University of Edinburgh: MBChB Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £27,456 per year
• King's College London: MBBS Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £30,266 per year
• University of Glasgow: MBChB with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £47,900 per year
• University of Manchester: MBChB with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £26,616 per year
• Newcastle University: MBBS Medicine and Surgery with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £33,600 per year
• Queen Mary University of London: MBBS Medicine with a duration of 5 years and tuition fee approx. £39,363 per year
Disclaimer- Tuition fees and other charges can change without any prior notification.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR MBBS ADMISSION IN UK
Candidates must adhere to the following requirements to apply for MBBS in UK:
• The minimum age of the applicant should not be less than 18 years.
• Applicant must have scored a minimum of 80 % of marks (AAA grade) in Class 12 with Chemistry and Biology.
• The minimum IELTS score of 7.0 is mandatory for international students.
MBBS SYLLABUS IN UK
Pre-Clinical (2 semesters)
· Anatomy
· Biochemistry
· Physiology
Para-Clinical (3 semesters)
· Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
· Microbiology
· Pathology
· Pharmacology
Clinical (4 semesters)
· Anesthesiology – Community Medicine
· Dermatology and Venereology
· Medicine
· Obstetrics & Gynaecology
· Ophthalmology
· Orthopedics
· Otorhinolaryngology
· Pediatrics
· Psychiatry
· Surgery
SCHOLARSHIPS FOR INDIAN STUDENTS IN THE UK
Prominent scholarships are available for foreign students to assist them during their academic years. Some of the most popular scholarships for MBBS in the UK are:
• Chevening Scholarship- £18,000
• Global Health Future Leaders Scholarship- £2,500
• Imperial College Faculty of Medicine Scholarship- £1,000
• Rhodes Scholarship- £15,141
• Hulk York Medical School International Scholarship- £8,737
ADMISSION TEST- UK MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAM
Applicants have to score minimum required scores NEET/UKCAT/BMAT/GAMSAT. Scores required in the entrance exam for MBBS in UK for Indian students are:
UKCAT: 650
NEET: 50 percentile
BMAT: 4.5 – 5.0
GAMSAT: 60 – 66
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
• Academic transcription or proof of your previous academic along with the certificate received from the previous institution.
• Xerox of IELTS/UKCAT/BMAT scorecard.
• Copy of a valid passport.
• Certificate of English proficiency test ( IELTS/TOEFL/C1 Advanced).
• Personal statement bearing the reason to visit the country.
• Reference letter.
• CV (if required).
• Bachelor's Degree (if required)
• Bank statement.
• Statement of Purpose.
• Passport-size photographs.
• Medical test reports including HIV/ AIDS and COVID-19 test reports.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
What is MBBS called in the UK?
MBBS in the UK is equivalent to the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, known as MB ChB or MB BCh at some universities in the UK.
What is the cost of education in the UK?
In addition to the tuition fees, other expenses incurred are application fees, visa application fees, IELTS registration, TOEFL registration, NEET fees, and flight ticket cost.
What is the cost of living in the UK/ England?
The cost of living depends upon the location you are residing in and your standard of living. The average cost of living in London is £1,020 per month while it is approximately £820 per month in other places.
Can I study MBBS in the UK without UKCAT?
UKCAT is an entrance test that is mandatory for admission to top medical colleges in the UK. It is used by a consortium of UK universities for medical and dental degree programs. If you are seeking MBBS admission in the UK without clearing UKCAT, you can try getting admission to the following universities-
• Brighton and Sussex Medical School
• University of Central Lancashire
What is the MBBS doctor's salary in the UK?
The salary of an MBBS doctor in the United Kingdom is unbeatable and a stroke of genius. The average salary of MBBS Doctors/Physicians in the UK is 276,000 GBP. According to a report published by BBC News on 15 October 2018, the starting salary for junior doctors in the UK is $ 28,331 which goes up to $ 34,484. Trained and specialized doctors can earn somewhere between $ 36,949 and $ 57,886. The average salary of a doctor in the UK/ England is $ 45,560 (as reported by the NHS Employers Organization).
Author: DR.N.V. Srinivasa Rao Post Date: 20 May 2023
Studying MBBS in the UK is a good option and better than many other abroad destinations.
The universities in UK award MB ChB or MB BCh. Some universities award MB ChB and some universities MB BCh. These two degrees are equivalent to MBBS only. The duration of the course is 5 to 6 years.
A student will have three ways to join an MBBS course in the UK.
1. After completing the 12th class or equivalent. The course duration is 5 or 6 years.
2. After completing graduation also a student can join MBBS. The course duration is 4 or 5 years.
3. Some students who are not meeting the minimum qualification can join in foundation course and the duration is 6 years.
There are some recent reports in various journals stating that Indian students are showing more interest towards MBBS in the UK. More and more International Medical Graduates (IMG) are joining the UK medical workforce. The following may be some reasons for this, in my opinion.
1. 43 top UK universities are in the top 650 medical universities in the world, as per the QS News Ranking 2023.
2. The average salary of a Doctor/Physician in the UK is much higher than other professionals working in the field.
3. There is a good hike in the pay scales of doctors there.
4. The course duration of MBBS in the USA is 7 to 9 years but the same in the UK, it is 5 to 6 years only.
5. After completing MBBS in the UK, students can practice not only in the UK but also in many other countries across the globe.
The eligibility criteria for Indian students to join MBBS in the UK is as follows.
1. A student must complete his/ her 18 years.
2. A student should score a minimum of 80% in 12th standard from a standard board like ICSE or CBSE etc.
3. The student should get qualified in NEET. They have to clear tests such as UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT), the Biomedical Admissions Test (BMAT), or GAMSAT.
There are many colleges and universities in the UK. Following are some of them
1. University of Cambridge
2. University College London
3. Imperial College London
4. King's College London
5. The University of Edinburgh
6. University of Glasgow
7. University of Manchester
8. Newcastle University
Studying MBBS in the UK is a good option and better than many other abroad destinations.
The universities in UK award MB ChB or MB BCh. Some universities award MB ChB and some universities MB BCh. These two degrees are equivalent to MBBS only. The duration of the course is 5 to 6 years.
A student will have three ways to join an MBBS course in the UK.
1. After completing the 12th class or equivalent. The course duration is 5 or 6 years.
2. After completing graduation also a student can join MBBS. The course duration is 4 or 5 years.
3. Some students who are not meeting the minimum qualification can join in foundation course and the duration is 6 years.
There are some recent reports in various journals stating that Indian students are showing more interest towards MBBS in the UK. More and more International Medical Graduates (IMG) are joining the UK medical workforce. The following may be some reasons for this, in my opinion.
1. 43 top UK universities are in the top 650 medical universities in the world, as per the QS News Ranking 2023.
2. The average salary of a Doctor/Physician in the UK is much higher than other professionals working in the field.
3. There is a good hike in the pay scales of doctors there.
4. The course duration of MBBS in the USA is 7 to 9 years but the same in the UK, it is 5 to 6 years only.
5. After completing MBBS in the UK, students can practice not only in the UK but also in many other countries across the globe.
The eligibility criteria for Indian students to join MBBS in the UK is as follows.
1. A student must complete his/ her 18 years.
2. A student should score a minimum of 80% in 12th standard from a standard board like ICSE or CBSE etc.
3. The student should get qualified in NEET. They have to clear tests such as UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT), the Biomedical Admissions Test (BMAT), or GAMSAT.
There are many colleges and universities in the UK. Following are some of them
1. University of Cambridge
2. University College London
3. Imperial College London
4. King's College London
5. The University of Edinburgh
6. University of Glasgow
7. University of Manchester
8. Newcastle University
Author: Hakimuddin Kuwakhedawala Post Date: 31 May 2023
Conclusion The United Kingdom offers a compelling choice for those aspiring to pursue a career in medicine. With its prestigious universities, comprehensive curriculum, excellent clinical training, global recognition, and diverse cultural experiences, the UK provides an ideal environment for studying MBBS. However, prospective students should carefully consider their personal circumstances, including financial aspects, admission requirements, and eligibility criteria. It is advisable to research and consult with educational advisors to make an informed decision. Ultimately, choosing the UK for studying MBBS can be a rewarding experience that lays a strong foundation for a successful medical career.
Introduction
Choosing the right country to pursue a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree is a crucial decision for aspiring medical students. Among the popular destinations for medical education, the United Kingdom (UK) has emerged as a favourable option. With its renowned universities, well-established healthcare system, and rich medical heritage, the UK offers a promising environment for studying MBBS. Let us explore the reasons why the UK is considered a good option for pursuing medical education.Prestigious Universities
The UK boasts some of the world's most prestigious universities renowned for their medical programs. Institutions like the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, and King's College London consistently rank among the top medical schools globally. These institutions provide excellent academic resources, highly experienced faculty, and state-of-the-art research facilities, ensuring a high-quality education for MBBS students.Rigorous Curriculum
The UK's medical curriculum is well-structured and focuses on delivering comprehensive medical knowledge and practical skills. The MBBS program in the UK typically spans five to six years, including a combination of theoretical learning, clinical training, and hands-on experience. The curriculum is designed to equip students with a solid foundation in medical sciences, clinical skills, and patient care, preparing them to become competent doctors.Training & Clinical Exposure
One of the significant advantages of studying MBBS in the UK is the early exposure to clinical training. Students get the opportunity to observe and interact with patients during their initial years, gaining valuable practical experience. The UK has a robust healthcare system with renowned hospitals and medical centres, offering a diverse range of clinical settings for students to learn from. This exposure helps students develop essential clinical skills, critical thinking, and professionalism, fostering their overall growth as future medical practitioners.Global Recognition and Career Opportunities
A medical degree from a UK university holds immense international recognition. The UK is known for producing highly skilled and competent doctors who are in demand worldwide. Upon graduation, MBBS graduates from UK universities have favourable prospects for employment and further specialization, not only in the UK but also in other countries. The reputation and quality of education offered by UK medical schools can open doors to a wide range of career opportunities globally.Cultural Diversity and International Exposure
Studying in the UK offers a culturally diverse and intellectually stimulating environment. The country attracts students from various backgrounds, creating a vibrant and multicultural atmosphere on campuses. Interacting with peers from different nationalities fosters a global perspective, cross-cultural understanding, and the opportunity to build a strong network of professional connections. Additionally, the UK's rich history and heritage provide a unique cultural experience, making the journey of studying MBBS even more enriching.Conclusion The United Kingdom offers a compelling choice for those aspiring to pursue a career in medicine. With its prestigious universities, comprehensive curriculum, excellent clinical training, global recognition, and diverse cultural experiences, the UK provides an ideal environment for studying MBBS. However, prospective students should carefully consider their personal circumstances, including financial aspects, admission requirements, and eligibility criteria. It is advisable to research and consult with educational advisors to make an informed decision. Ultimately, choosing the UK for studying MBBS can be a rewarding experience that lays a strong foundation for a successful medical career.
Find more Topics.